Patrick McKenna has been appointed as chief executive officer and director of Bluewater Thermal Solutions, a portfolio company of Aterian Investment Partners, effective immediately.
Patrick McKenna CEO Bluewater Thermal Solutions
“I’m honored to join Bluewater Thermal Solutions at such a dynamic time for the industry,” said McKenna. “With a strong operational footprint, a dedicated team, and a reputation for technical excellence, Bluewater is well positioned for growth. I’m eager to work alongside our employees, customers, and partners to build on the company’s momentum and drive our capabilities forward.”
McKenna has more than 25 years of leadership and innovation experience in the thermal processing industry. He most recently served as president & CEO of Ipsen USA, a global provider of vacuum furnace technology for the thermal processing sector. He oversaw a team of more than 250 employees at Ipsen’s U.S. based Vacuum Center of Excellence, while driving success across international markets.
Prior to Ipsen, McKenna was most recently co-founder, board member, and vice president of Nevada Heat Treating/California Brazing. There, he helped transform the business from a traditional commercial heat treating operation into a Nadcap-accredited provider of turnkey manufacturing solutions serving major aerospace OEMs.
Brandon Bethea, co-founder and partner at Aterian, expressed strong confidence in the new leadership: “Patrick has excelled in every role he’s taken on. His deep industry expertise and sharp eye for commercial growth make him the ideal leader to guide Bluewater into its next phase. We’re thrilled to welcome him to the team.”
Bluewater Thermal Solutions is headquartered in Greenville, South Carolina, and is one of North America’s largest providers of heat treating and brazing services. The company operates ten facilities across the U.S., offering thermal processing capabilities.
Press release is available in its original form here.
Heat treatment impacts almost every facet of our lives, yet few people are aware of how important this practice is to a modern way of living. Heat treatment is a process which changes the microstructure of a metal, such as hardening, carburizing, tempering, and many others.
When a metal is formed, it undergoes heat treatment in order to make it longer lasting, change its structure so that it becomes harder or softer, or reduce the tendancy toward cracking which can form during manufacturing. To help us appreciate the impact of heat treatment on our daily lives, Tiffany Ward, daily editor for Heat Treat Today, has prepared this illustrative post.
Breakfast of Champions
You wake up in the morning and roll yourself out of bed, greeting a foggy sunrise through the window. You stumble to the kitchen to fire up your cast iron skillet.
Cast iron contains a minimum of 2% carbon
At one time, that same cast iron skillet lived a provincial life, known as simply: iron. Cast iron is made from iron with greater than 2% carbon, which is in the form of graphite. When that iron was “cast,” it was melted at a high temperature, and once cooled, it transformed into a very stable material that heats and cools uniformly. Perfect for your sunny-side-up eggs.
At the foundry, someone poured the molten metal into a mold to form the exact shape your pan is in today, and then it underwent numerous heat treat processes: annealing, normalizing, tempering, and even graphitizing (a process of converting carbon into graphite). The particular processes the skillet underwent depend upon the chemistry of the cast iron.
Almost all cast iron has carbon and nitrogen added to its surface in a process called ferritic nitrocarburizing plus post-oxidation. This heat treatment gives a shallow surface layer to the pan for better wear resistance. The skillet is heated up between around 1550°F and 1650°F inside a protective atmosphere of Endothermic gas. Endothermic gas is a generated heat treat atmosphere. It is made up of approximately 40% hydrogen, 40% nitrogen, and 20% carbon monoxide. The Endothermic gas is enriched with both a hydrocarbon gas (i.e., natural gas or propane) and ammonia so that carbon and nitrogen can be added to the iron.
There are a variety of different furnaces that can be used for ferritic nitrocarburizing. Box, pit, and tip-up furnaces are used due to their large capacity. For cast iron skillets, one common choice is the pit furnace — a cylindrical furnace typically located in the floor of a factory. Pit furnaces can hold a lot of heavyweight items, making them a good fit for the cookware now resting on your stove.
Figure Source: Herring, Daniel H., Atmosphere Heat Treatment Volume 1, BNP Media II, LLC, 2014.
You pull a knife out of your drawer and begin slicing an apple. The blade reflects a beam of sun from the window, but it isn’t your best knife. You’ve noticed that some of your knives are sharper and can resharpen more easily than others; this is because of the quality of the original material used and the heat treatment process employed in manufacturing the knife.
Perhaps the knife you chose to use today was made from high carbon steel such as 1095. The blade was heat treated using a process of hardening, quenching, and tempering. After the blade was formed, it entered a continuous mesh-belt furnace and was quenched in either oil (in the case of a 1095 steel), or in the case of stainless steel or tool steel, cooled in still air.
Source: Dan Herring, The HERRING GROUP, Inc.Figure: Batch integral-quench furnace system installation (courtesy of AFC-Holcroft). Dan Herring, The HERRING GROUP, Inc.
At the same time of hardening and quenching, the handle was joined to the blade in a process called brazing. The entire knife was heated up to an austenitizing temperature and rapidly cooled in the quenching process, giving it a particular hardness level.
The hardening process can be performed in a vacuum furnace or an atmosphere furnace. The atmosphere is typically nitrogen or, more commonly, a nitrogen/hydrogen mixture. Another option is nitrogen plus dissociated ammonia (dissociated ammonia is 75% hydrogen, 25% nitrogen).
A typical temperature for the heat treatment of high carbon 1095 steel knives is 1475ºF. Stainless steels are run at higher temperatures, typically in the range of 1800º/1950ºF and tool steels even higher, to around 2200ºF.
After breakfast you head to the bathroom. You are anxious to rid yourself of unshaven scruff, carefully running a razor over your face. The razor blades were hardened and tempered for sharpness, so that you get a smooth, clean shave.
Like knives, razor blades are hardened and are made of a medium to high carbon steel. Unlike knives, they are hardened in a continuous strip form. Envision all of your razor blades as a single, thin strip, run continuously through a furnace to heat and cool them. The blade is heated in a protective atmosphere as it runs through the furnace. On one end of the furnace is a reel that coils the strip and at the other end is an un-coiler.
Continuous style furnaces have alloy tubes inside of them that are very small in diameter, typically one inch, which run the entire length of the furnace. As the razor strip is run through the tube it is exposed to an atmosphere of nitrogen and hydrogen, typically with 3% hydrogen, to protect the razor blade surface from oxidation. Once heated, the blade enters cooling either by surrounding the tube with water or by blowing forced air on the tubes.
A process called tempering follows hardening and quenching. When you harden a material you make it stronger, but less ductile, so there is a concern that the razor blade might break. The tempering process improves ductility, removing some of the hardness but improving flexibility.
Dan Herring, The Heat Treat Doctor®, describes the balancing act this way: “On one end of the teeter totter, metallurgically, are strength properties and on the other side of the teeter-totter are ductility properties. It’s always a challenge to properly balance the teeter-totter. If you get the hardness too high, what happens to the ductility? It’s very low. As a result, the material is super hard but may crack easier. On the other hand, if ductility is too high, the material is super flexible so that it can bend like a branch of a tree in the wind, but it has little strength. You need a balance of strength and ductility in all heat treated products, which is accomplished in part by proper tempering.”
Our lives are touched by heat treatment at every turn. Highly technical processes play their role in the formation of even the most common household items. While heat treatment may seem to some a niche industry, its impact on everyday life is ubiquitous.
A special note of thanks to Dan Herring, The Heat Treat Doctor®, for his insights and contributions which informed this post.
Cleveland-Cliffs has announced the commissioning of its new vertical stainless bright anneal line at its Coshocton Works facility in Coshocton, Ohio. This $150 million investment is now completed and will supply premium stainless steel for high-end automotive and critical appliance applications.
Lourenco Goncalves Chairman, President & CEO Cleveland-Cliffs
The new annealing line uses a 100% hydrogen atmosphere, replacing the conventional acid-based processing, and includes a hydrogen recovery unit to recycle hydrogen and use a 50/50 mix of new and used hydrogen in the process.
Lourenco Goncalves, chairman, president and CEO of Cliffs said: “By using hydrogen and advanced automation, we’re dramatically improving the quality and productivity of this critical product that our customers rely upon Cleveland-Cliffs for.”
To mark the opening, a ribbon cutting ceremony was held on Wednesday, July 2 at 11:00 a.m. ET at Cliffs’ Coshocton Works facility. The event was attended by key elected officials along with Cleveland-Cliffs’ executives, employees, and key customers.
Cleveland-Cliffs is a leading North America-based steel producer with focus on value-added sheet products, particularly for the automotive industry.
Press release is available in its original form here.
We at Heat Treat Today are thankful for the freedoms we are privileged to enjoy in the United States. We hope you are able to celebrate and give thanks this weekend with friends and family for all the blessings the founding of our nation has forged.
Heat Treat Today offices will be closed Friday in honor of the holiday and we will return again on Monday.
Advanced Heat Treat Corp. (AHT) has increased operations at their Monroe, Michigan facility with additional gas nitriding equipment.
Chad Clark Plant Manager Advanced Heat Treat Corp.
The new unit will be utilized in heat treatment for industries such as automotive, government and defense, plastics, power generation, and others. It will utilize UltraGlow® Gas Nitriding, which is a case-hardening process whereby nitrogen is diffused into the surface of a solid ferrous alloy by holding the metal at a suitable temperature in contact with a nitrogenous gas, usually ammonia.
AHTMichigan Plant Manager Chad Clark added, “Our mission statement is ‘Exceeding expectations with UltraGlowing results,’ so this is an example of us expanding capacity to provide our customers with great turnaround. We are pleased to offer additional capacity and look forward to the completion of our building expansion and additional equipment/services in the future.”
AHT can accommodate parts up to 400” inches in height, 160” in diameter and up to 60,000 lbs in weight. A few of the common materials used in gas nitriding processes are austenitic stainless steel; martensitic stainless steel; cast materials (gray/ductile/nodular iron); medium carbon steel; and low alloy/low carbon steel.
This equipment follows on the heels of a building expansion for AHT’s Monroe facility.
A Defender Series furnace has been provided for Al Udeid Air Base, providing the U.S. Air Force with mission-critical capability to heat treat all aviation-grade metals used in aircraft maintenance.
SAF Metals Technology Technicians – Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar
Qualified Heat Treaters for Military Aircraft Source: DELTA H®
DELTA H®and Phillips Federalcommissioned the dual-chamber system which features a radiant heat lower chamber (1,000°F–2,000°F, 12”W x 12”H x 48”D TUS volume) with inert atmosphere. A convection heat upper chamber (200°F–1,200°F, 18”W x 12”H x 48”D) is capable of rapid cooling from 1,000°F to below 200°F in under 30 minutes, allowing solution heat treating and aging (T6) in the same chamber before part freezing is required.
Al Udeid Air Base – Doha Qatar Source: DELTA H®Richard & Mary Conway
DELTA H® TECHNOLOGIES, LLC Source: DELTA H®
Commissioning included hands-on training and qualification of USAF Metals Tech personnel in system operation, AMS2750 compliance, TUS/SAT execution (via SuperSystems SDS 8120), pyrometry recordkeeping management, and heat treating fundamentals for aviation grade metals.
Director and CTO of DELTA H, Richard Conway, shares: “Mary and I were honored to work directly with the outstanding Airmen at Al Udeid — true professionals whose determination to master heat treating reflected their deep commitment to the mission. It was humbling to see our furnace system play a small part in supporting their readiness. In a time of growing uncertainty, DELTA H is proud to stand with our Warfighters on the front lines, providing the tools they need to defend freedom.”
Retired, SMSgt, John (JD) Murray Product Manager Phillips Federal Source: Linkedin
Product manager at Phillips Federal, USAF Retired, SMSgt,John (JD) Murray shares: “As a Retired USAF Aircraft Metals Technician with multiple deployments to my credit, I am overjoyed to see the deployed location receive the best equipment possible. DELTA H furnaces are essential to keep our aircraft flying, fighting, and winning.”
The furnace is equipped with a dual-bath quench tank supporting both water and oil quenching, and final testing confirmed AMS2750 compliance with the convection chamber achieving Class 1 (±5°F) and the radiant chamber Class 3 (±15°F) uniformity. PMEL completed all calibrations, certifying the system for immediate aircraft parts processing.
Press release is available in its original formhere.
We all know that cooling off the right way matters. Your friend may be hot, but dumping a bucket of ice on them just might cause your friendship to crack. The same applies to heat treating. The methods and modes of cooling operations can make or break our bank and equipment.
Heat TreatToday has coalesced technical information across articles and podcast episodes from key experts, including a case study comparing the efficiency of different cooling technologies, a Heat Treat Radioepisode full of purchasing guidance and the updates on the latest technologies, and finally a helpful comparative of cooling systems for the automotive industry.
Discover more about these three topics in today’s Technical Tuesday original content feature.
Intelligent Cooling System Improves Operations for Alloy Manufacturer: A Case Study
There’s only one constant about technology: It’s always evolving — revealing new innovations and opportunities. And as these new technologies come to light, heat treating operations have new opportunities to reduce cost, increase efficiency, and ensure consistent, optimized part quality, regardless of the job parameters. With the introduction of new process cooling technologies to the heat treating market, previously unexplored systems become viable solutions for unanswered operating challenges. Gary Burdardt, market development manager with Frigel North America, authored a case study to explore new technologies in cooling operations.
“Located on the East Coast, the manufacturer needed to find an alternative process cooling solution for its vacuum furnace cooling operation. It had been using air-cooled chillers, but the costs of continuous operation were too high. Operating as a batch furnace, the heat load of this particular application was specified to be approximately 200 tons, and process cooling water temperature, which was specified at 70°F, presented a significant challenge.”
Heat Treat Radio #100: Cooling Off the Heat (Treat)!
Keeping your heat treat equipment cool is as critical as it is an oxymoron. If you have old cooling systems or are looking to purchase new ones, hear from Matt Reed, director of Sales and Technologies at Dry Coolers, as he shares purchasing considerations, maintenance, and latest technologies with Heat TreatRadio host, Doug Glenn. Learn about the importance of flow, sediment build up, hot spots, and more!
“Vacuum furnaces, around the 1960s and 1970s, when they were being developed, focused on heat treating materials. Cooling is required because you’ve got these inner walled jackets in the furnace, jackets in the heads, you’ve got diffusion pumps, mechanical pumps — all these ancillary pieces of equipment that require cooling. Originally, you could use city water and flow city water right through the furnace. Customers soon find out that that’s a lot of water consumption, so the next step was to look at an evaporative cooling tower. You start recirculating evaporative cooling tower water directly through the furnaces.”
Deciding on a process cooling system for your automotive heat treat requires intentional consideration. In this article Bob Smith, director of product management at Thermal Care, offers practical and valuable guidance on three options: fluid coolers, cooling towers, and chillers.
“When considering which type of process fluid cooling system is best for your automotive heat treat application, it is important to determine the process fluid medium, desired temperature, and the significance of operating cost versus initial investment. There are often multiple solutions to a process cooling application, and the following is intended to provide a basic outline of the types of systems available and where they are best used.”
A U.S. heat treater has expanded their operations with the installment of a horizontal vacuum furnace. Stack Metallurgical Group announced the addition of a 6 bar quenching TurboTreater furnace at their Portland facility.
Stack services aerospace, medical, and cutlery industries, among others. The company shared, “Stack is continuing to show our commitment to excellence by investing in a brand new 6 Bar quenching, Turbotreater horizontal vacuum furnace from Ipsen. This is more than a purchase; it’s a substantial investment in our facilities and, more importantly, in our valued customers.”
The Ipsen vacuum furnace features internal quenching with 360-degree cooling uniformity, decreases cycle times up to 20%, and reduces gas consumption up to 40%. The furnace handles heavy loads and operates for multiple processes, including hardening, tempering, brazing, sintering, and annealing.
Press release is available in its original form here.
Despite an increasing cyber threat landscape, many small to mid-sized businesses (SMBs) in the Department of Defense (DoD) supply chain remain unprepared for compliance with NIST SP 800-171 R2 and CMMC 2.0. The Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) 2.0 aims to improve cybersecurity across the defense industrial base (DIB), but many SMBs struggle to meet the standards, putting them at risk of losing crucial contracts. Surveys suggest that nearly 70% of SMBs are unready for the new requirements, and the real figure could be even higher due to some businesses inaccurately reporting compliance by inflating their assessment scores.
This is the final installment of the Cybersecurity Column penned by Joe Coleman of Bluestreak Compliance (August 6, 1968 — April 1, 2025). Joe was as kind as he was committed to helping manufacturers understand and meet cybersecurity compliance standards. This column series was born from his genuine desire to walk alongside others as they navigated the complexities of regulation and risk. We honor his memory and are grateful for the time, insight, and encouragement he shared with our readers.
Understanding CMMC 2.0
CMMC 2.0 simplifies the original five-tier framework into three levels:
Level 1: Basic cyber hygiene for contractors handling Federal Contract Information (FCI)
Level 2: Advanced practices for those working with Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)
Level 3: Stringent requirements for contractors involved in national security projects
Compliance is mandatory for any contractor bidding on DoD contracts, including those working indirectly for federal contractors and subcontractors. SMBs should anticipate clients to inquire about their compliance as these standards will soon impact their business relationships. Achieving compliance is a lengthy process, typically taking twelve to eighteen months.
Low Readiness and Risks
The lack of readiness among SMBs threatens both business continuity and national security. Many smaller contractors lack the resources and expertise to meet CMMC 2.0’s standards. Given the defense sector’s reliance on a wide variety of contractors, this gap could create widespread repercussions.
Financial Implications of Non-Compliance
Compliance with CMMC 2.0 can be financially burdensome. Implementing measures such as multi-factor authentication, encryption, and continuous monitoring can be costly, especially for businesses with limited resources. The lack of in-house cybersecurity expertise compounds this issue, requiring companies to hire or train specialized personnel, further increasing costs.
Failing to comply with CMMC 2.0 could result in losing valuable DoD contracts, which can be a significant portion of SMB revenue. Such losses could lead to layoffs, revenue declines, or even business closures.
Challenges to Compliance
Several challenges contribute to the widespread unpreparedness among SMBs:
Challenges To Compliance Source: CanvaPro
Complexity of requirements: While CMMC 2.0 simplifies the original framework, its specific requirements remain difficult to interpret for many SMBs, particularly in identifying necessary security measures.
Resource limitations: The cost of achieving and maintaining compliance strains smaller businesses, which often lack the budgets for the required technology and expertise.
Lack of cybersecurity expertise: A shortage of qualified personnel poses a significant obstacle, as demand for cybersecurity professionals is high across industries.
Unclear timelines: Uncertainty surrounding DoD’s compliance timelines complicates planning and prioritization for SMBs.
Government Support Initiatives
To help SMBs, the DoD has introduced various programs, including training, grants, and educational resources. A phased implementation timeline also provides additional preparation time. However, industry experts suggest that further support, such as tax credits or subsidies, could help SMBs offset the costs of compliance. Clearer guidance from the DoD would also be beneficial in helping businesses navigate the certification process.
Path Forward for SMBs
To secure future contracts, SMBs must prioritize cybersecurity. This involves conducting internal risk assessments, identifying vulnerabilities, and creating compliance plans. Partnering with cybersecurity experts or managed service providers can help SMBs develop cost-effective strategies. Additionally, leveraging government resources and adopting critical security measures early will better position SMBs for CMMC 2.0 certification.
Conclusion
The widespread lack of preparedness for CMMC 2.0 poses significant risks to both SMBs and the defense supply chain. As deadlines approach, proactive measures from both businesses and the government are necessary to close the readiness gap and ensure the continued participation of SMBs in the defense sector.
About the Author:
Joe Coleman Cyber Security Officer Bluestreak Consulting Source: Bluestreak Consulting
Joe Coleman was the cybersecurity officer at Bluestreak Compliance, which is a division of Bluestreak | Bright AM™. Joe worked for over 35 years in diverse manufacturing and engineering positions. His background included extensive training in cybersecurity, a career as a machinist, machining manager, and an early additive manufacturing (AM) pioneer. Joe presented at the Furnaces North America (FNA 2024) convention on DFARS, NIST 800-171, and CMMC 2.0.
A U.S. titanium metal and critical materials company has been granted $1.3 million for forged critical titanium components. IperionX will produce the titanium parts for U.S. Army ground vehicle programs at their Titanium Manufacturing Campus in Virginia.
Anastasios (Taso) Arima CEO IperionX Source: IperionX
The task order will be fulfilled using titanium production and advanced forging processes.
“Securing this first U.S. Army task order is a decisive step toward reshoring the nation’s titanium supply chain,” said Anastasios (Taso) Arima, IperionX CEO.
The project is the first of further task orders expected under the US $99 million SBIR Phase III contract, which enables any DoD and U.S. Government agency to support production capabilities by procuring titanium parts and materials directly from IperionX.
All technical specifications, performance requirements, and delivery schedules are governed under the U.S Controlled Unclassified Information Program (Executive Order 13556), ensuring protection of sensitive defense information.
For additional information about IperionX’s heat treat capacities, click here.
Source: IperionX
Press release is available in its original form here.
