MANUFACTURING HEAT TREAT

2 Heat Treat Furnaces To Assist CMC Industry

HTD Size-PR LogoTwo atmosphere controlled retort box furnaces will be used for de-bindering ceramic matrix composite parts (CMC) as well as powder metals processing (PM) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP).

The main function of this L&L Special Furnace Co., Inc. furnace is to remove all organics and other materials used in the product prior to placing in a high fire vacuum chamber in a process called de-bindering: Parts are heated to 1220°F in a retort chamber that is pressurized with nitrogen. The by-products of the outgassing part are directed by pressure and flow out the rear of the furnace. The parts are then heated in a vacuum furnace to temperatures in excess of 2300°F. The result is a component that is stronger and lighter than titanium.

Aerospace and military have always been the key areas that CMC and additive technologies are applied. The CMC development is a key part of the subsonic ordnance project along with multitudes of other military applications. This technology allows for lighter and more durable aircraft, munitions, and body armor versus using some alloy and ceramic substitutes. Automotive has also always had a strong presence in the additive manufacturing industry as well.

It is new application areas were CMC technology is starting to shine. CMC technology is beginning to establish a presence in agricultural applications such as water desalinization, power and battery technology in providing lighter fuel cells. This technology will be applied to battery operated transportation vehicles, not only improving transportation capabilities but also lowering greenhouse emissions.


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Heat Treat Radio Review

OCTwice a month, Heat Treat Today publishes an episode of Heat Treat Radio, a unique-to-the-industry podcast that covers topics in the aerospace, automotive, medical, energy, and general manufacturing industries. Each episode features an interview with an industry leader and is full of in-depth descriptions of technical content as well as heart-felt stories from industry legends. In today's Technical Tuesday, enjoy this snapshot of four episodes from Heat Treat Today's May 2022 Induction Heating print edition.


Heat Treat Radio: Lunch & Learn with Heat Treat Today – Heat Treatment vs. Thermal Processing

Dan Herring
"The Heat Treat Doctor"
The HERRING GROUP, Inc.

There is a world outside the heat treating comfort zone! The heat treating world can be steel-centric, iron-centric, aluminum-centric, and natural-gas centric. What may come as a surprise to most heat treaters is heat treating is a part of a much larger industry: thermal processing. In the thermal processing industry, steel, iron, aluminum, and natural gas are less the star of the show — although they are still important. The thermal processing industry deals more with finished goods like jewelry, while the heat treating industry deals with semi-finished goods like gears and other unassembled components.

In this episode of Heat Treat Radio, Dan Herring, The Heat Treat Doctor®, takes the heat treating world out of its comfort zone and into the world of thermal processing. Learn the difference between the two terms and some surprising ways thermal processing is used — including producing mayonnaise! Also included in this episode are some interesting statistics about natural gas consumption in the U.S. and a description of calcining, an area of thermal processing.

Read the transcript, and listen to or watch the podcast here.

Heat Treat Radio: All About Heat Treat Boot Camp with Doug Glenn

Bethany Leone, Heat Treat Radio editor, and Doug Glenn, publisher of Heat Treat Today, sit down to discuss Heat Treat Today's newest undertaking: Heat Treat Boot Camp. Heat Treat Boot Camp will cram 3 to 5 to 7 years of information into just a day and a half of classes. Settle into the Double Tree by Hilton Hotel & Suites in Pittsburgh Downtown the evening of Monday, October 31st for a good night’s sleep. Lectures begin the morning of November 1st and will end the afternoon of Tuesday, November 2nd. It won’t be all lectures though; there will also be soon-to-be-announced events in the Pittsburgh area.

What is the content of the lectures? Doug Glenn and Thomas Wingens of WINGENS LLC International Industry Consultancy will provide information on the heat treating industry players, products, processes, markets, and materials. If you are an industry-insider, an industry-outsider, a new employee in the industry, or an investor interested in mergers/acquisitions and feel like you need to know more about the heat treating industry, this event is for you. There is no other seminar or webinar like Heat Treat Boot Camp.

Read the transcript, and listen to or watch the podcast here.

Heat Treat Radio: Robotics in Heat Treat, a Conversation With Dennis Beauchense, ECM-USA

Dennis Beauchesne,
Managing Director,
ECM-USA, Inc.
Source: ECM-USA, Inc.

Labor availability is a crucial issue in today’s heat treating shops. Are robots the solution to the ever-growing labor shortage? Dennis Beauchesne, managing director at ECM-USA, Inc. thinks mechanical arms may indeed be the solution to the lack of human arms. And robots are not replacing humans or taking away their jobs — they’re actually helping workers by doing the dull, repetitive jobs no one wants to do.

Listen to this episode of Heat Treat Radio to get up to speed on developments in robotics in heat treat. Vision recognition is a key factor in improving robots. Some heat treaters are even using robot cameras to measure distortion control on finished parts. Traceability with robots enables heat treaters to track exactly where a part was in a bin throughout the entire heat treating process. And, as Dennis puts it, robots are not just for heat treaters with a high-volume of the exact same part, because with new developments, robots can be programmed on the floor to deal with many different part shapes and sizes.

Read the transcript, and listen to or watch the podcast here.

Heat Treat Radio: Heat Treat Legends: Dan Herring, The Heat Treat Doctor®

“. . .I don’t view work as work, I view it as just a true labor of love.” In this episode of Heat Treat Radio, Doug Glenn interviews a Heat Treat Legend: Dan Herring, The Heat Treat Doctor®. Dan describes how he got his start in heat treating and manufacturing as early as six years old. Now, with six books published in the heat treating industry as well as many technical articles, Dan Herring is an easily-recognizable name. Dan is known throughout the industry as an expert problem solver who truly loves his work.

Learn advice from The Heat Treat Doctor® on how to succeed as a young person in the industry, how to contribute to science, and the first lesson of business: Be honest. Tune in to hear more words of wisdom from Dan about work-life balance, living in the moment, and having infinite patience.

Read the transcript, and listen to or watch the podcast here.


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Agreement Reached for Eurotherm To Join Watlow in Deal with Schneider Electric SE

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Rob Gilmore
CEO
Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company
bizjournals.com

Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company, a North American manufacturer of thermal systems, will purchase Eurotherm, a global provider of temperature and power control measurement systems. The sale is estimated for the end of 2022.

Schneider Electric SE plans to sell Eurotherm to Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company. Regulatory approvals and consultations for Eurotherm's 650 employees are a continuing process.

“Watlow is excited to invest in this innovative product portfolio and professional team,” Rob Gilmore, Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company's CEO said. “Combining Eurotherm’s complementary controls technologies with Watlow’s focus on thermal systems, our shared engineer-to-engineer sales models and our focus on common markets will allow Watlow and Eurotherm to better serve all of our respective customers.”


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Heat Treat Radio #75: Reimagining Furnace Compliance with C3 Data’s Matt Wright

Heat Treat Radio host and Heat Treat Today publisher, Doug Glenn, talks with Matt Wright, the chief marketing officer at C3 Data, to hear how the company has reimagined furnace compliance to fit in your pocket.

Below, you can watch the video, listen to the podcast by clicking on the audio play button, or read an edited transcript.



 



The following transcript has been edited for your reading enjoyment.

Doug Glenn:  Matt, Welcome to Heat Treat Radio. This is your first time on.

Matt Wright:  It’s good to be with you.

DG:  I do want you to spend a little bit of time giving our listeners a little bit about your background and then, also, if you don’t mind, a quick summary of what C3 Data does, just so our listeners have a concept.

MW:  I’ve been in the heat treat industry now for about 15 years. My brother, Nathan, and I together, we own a few — twenty-five — accredited pyrometry labs. C3 Data really comes as an outgrowth of that. Looking for an opportunity or way to reduce errors,  a human element, and to save time with all of our technicians doing all the work that they’re doing. And so, it really became something that we did for ourselves and realized that it could be something that the industry as a whole could use.

When you look at our industry, there are two ways that you can comply with the AMS2750 CQI-9 specifications. One is what I would call the “roll your own method” which is what everyone has been doing from the beginning: that is using a whole panoply of different technologies, whether that’s an Excel spreadsheet, a clipboard, post-it notes, or what have you — anything and everything that you can do to try to remember to do all the things that need to be done, and then you go to the audit and hope that nothing fell through the cracks. What C3 Data does is takes all of those requirements and starts with the spec and encapsulates everything in one platform, one system, so you don’t have to think about and remember to do those things, you just follow what we have you do, and you come out and you’re ready for your audit.

DG:  I want to jump back onto the labs you were talking about. Very briefly, how many where are they?

MW:  We’ve got one in Ohio and one in Mexico that has three different offices in Mexico.

DG:  And these are metallurgical labs, or did you say testing labs?

MW:  They are labs that go on site to perform temperature uniformity surveys, system accuracy tests, instrument calibrations and those types of things.

DG:  Let’s talk about compliance. Compliance with AMS2750 CQI-9 NADCAP is really an issue that is important to a lot of our listeners and readers, primarily those manufacturers who have their own in-house heat treat and have their own furnaces. Let’s talk about some of the latest developments, the latest technologies in that field. What are you seeing out there, Matt?

MW:  When I look at our industry, one of the things that is the biggest challenge is the flow of information — getting information from where it resides to where it needs to be in the format that it needs to be. I think the technologies that have been successful in our industry are technologies that help lubricate that flow, if you will.  A good example, I think you had mentioned some of the specs, but one of them is ITAR, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations specifications. In that case, you’re trying to prevent information from going to malign influence and so they’re going to use things like the Cloud and mobile technology. And those are the platforms that we’ve been built on, as well. But we’re kind of using it in reverse; we’re trying to disseminate information and getting it there as quickly as possible. So, the Cloud and mobile technology, I think, are the two biggest forms of technology that have been really helpful.

A couple other ones that we’re actually using that we’re seeing a little bit more and more of is OCR- optical character recognition. This is the ability to take a static document that has information on it and digitize it and get it to where it needs to be. We’re using that to be able to scan, for example, thermocouple cert, so that our customers, irrespective of who they’re buying their certs from, can just take a cert, scan it and build it right into their platform so they can use it to do an SAT in real-time.

Another one is the QR code. You know, with the things that are going on, it’s kind of made a comeback in recent days. Now you can get your wine list by scanning a QR code at the restaurant. Well, we’ve been using it since before it was cool to do that; we’ve been using to scan your thermocouples or your field test instrumentation, so you don’t have to go and look up something in a database or a table, you can just scan it in and, boom, you’re ready to go.

DG:  This OCR is interesting regarding the certifications on the thermocouples. So, a thermocouple comes in, it’s got its stats and whatever you’re scanning, that becomes part of your data, if you will, correct? And are they using it for anything else? For example, I’m thinking in my mind, a company who wants to transition over to using a system like yours, perhaps they’ve got a lot of historical documents that, at least, would be helpful. Is that also an application?

MW:  Certainly, a potential application could exist for that. We’ve got other tools with forms and things that we’ve put in place to make that transition from going from, what I call the “roll your own” in the static thing and pulling all of that information in. We’ve really made it, and strive to make it, more and more seamless every time.

DG:  And the QR codes? Are you using those on furnaces, on thermocouples, or where are you using those?

MW:  Any equipment that you use, whether it’s a thermocouple, a field test instrument, a data logger, any certification data that is associated with that, you can print a QR code and affix it to that. You’re not having to go and enter that in manually, you’re just scanning it in using our mobile app that has a QR code scanner built right in — it’s pulling that directly in. The whole idea is to reduce that bottle neck, if you will, and to get that information flow in so that these guys can do more value at a time out on the plant floor.

DG:  I also wanted to ask you, because you mentioned about Cloud-based and mobile apps and things of that sort — let’s talk about security for just a second. I just got done doing an interview with a guy by the name of Mark Mills that hasn’t been released yet. He’s a fascinating guy and I’m going to give that one a plug right here- you need to listen to that when it comes out. But he was talking about cybersecurity- he wrote a book called The Cloud Revolution. I’ve also heard at some of the industry meetings that there have been real concerns where some of the larger companies are not wanting their data to go “outside,” if you will- they don’t want to break the ceiling and get into the Cloud, they want it on site. Are you guys seeing much of that? If so, how are you handling that?

MW:  It’s a mix. We do see that. Every corporation has their own policies and procedures and what they’ve determined is a safe way to operate. So, on one side of the spectrum, we’ll get people that will be concerned and say, “Nothing in the Cloud,” and we have to have that conversation. Usually, the conversation revolves around what is the purpose of this information? And really, when you peel back and look at it, if someone were able to access the information in our system (which we have very tight security around), the only thing they’re going to find out is the very thing that those same preparations are bragging about on their website, and that is that they’re NADCAP compliant. There is no process-related data, there is no secret sauce involved in anything that we’re doing and so, it’s not something that we believe, and most people do end up seeing it our way that needs to be curtailed from a Cloud perspective.

DG:  I know a lot of companies’ concerns are not so much that something will get out about them as it is this Cloud connection is a gateway for the nefarious amongst us to break in and get it. I’m sure you’re seeing that, right? Let me ask you it this way:  What percentage of your clients are actually saying to you, “Listen, we want this to not be Cloud-based, we want it to be just on-site.”

MW:  If I could swag, I would say maybe 5–10% ask the question, “Hey, is this something that we can just have locally because we would just like to have it for ourselves?” And the answer is, it’s not; it’s not something that we can have locally, just by nature of what it is — it’s an ongoing, continually improving and updated thing.

DG:  Let’s talk about another hot point that we have here besides internet security. I don’t know if you guys have been affected by this, but it has to do with supply chain issues. We’ve got Covid to blame, we’ve got Russia to blame, we’ve got all kinds of things as far as supply chain. Are you experiencing any of that yourself for your business or are you seeing it from any of your customers?

MW:  I think we are fairly isolated from that in that we’re not producing a tangible product; we’re a software company. Happily, we’re not experiencing that so much. I will say that, from our customers’ perspective, the big catchphrase now is “flexibility.” With those things that you mentioned, the ability to be able to adapt to not knowing from one day to the next if the guy that was supposed to do your SATs or TUSs today is even going to show up because he might test positive for Covid, or something else, really drives home the need to be flexible — to not put all your eggs in one proverbial basket. We’re striving asymptotically, if you will, to get closer and closer to that point where someone who’s never done a calibration before, can pick up an app and literally, the same day, start doing calibrations. There are a lot of hills to climb and obstacles to overcome, but we’re pretty close and we’re going to strive to keep doing that so that people don’t have to worry about what if this guy quits, or what if this guy gets a promotion? The system is going to run, and they can pick up and run with it with the next guy.

DG:  When we talk supply chain, I start to think to myself, to a certain extent, I start to think internationally a little bit because a lot of the issues are bottlenecks at the border and things of that sort. But it makes me wonder — how about you guys, C3 Data, are you just North America or are you seeing business outside?

MW:  Being a software company, one of the benefits of it is that you don’t have to ship anything anywhere. Being a U.S.-based company, we started out here and most of customers are here. We have a fair number of customers in Mexico, we have a few in the United Kingdom and we’re expanding currently, bringing on customers in France. Right now, we’ve got about four or five different languages that the website and the app is translated into, and we’re interested in expanding. It’s a great question and one that we’re really excited about — being able to not just be so parochial in the United States, but to expand into Europe.

DG:  Tell me a bit about the mobile app. Let’s say you’re a manufacturer and you’ve got an in-house heat treat department. How often are you going to be using that mobile app as opposed to how often are you going to be using a desktop application, and how is the mobile app used?

MW:  The decision to go with the mobile app came from our experience as a heat treat lab. Having to schlep around a laptop in a laptop bag or a cart with a computer on it, it’s really kind of a pain, quite frankly. Virtually everyone owns a cellphone. So, if we can put this into the power of a cellphone and enable that person to carry one less thing and to have the flexibility to not need to have to have that to do an SAT, to do a calibration, to change a sensor and those types of things, that’s what we wanted to do. You can use the app, you can run it on a laptop if you wish, and we have a few customers that just do that, but most of our customers (I would say over 90%), use the app, and depending on how fat their fingers are, they might go to a tablet.

DG:  On a typical day when they’re using the app, they’re using it to do what? Run us through what would be a typical application.

MW:  The mobile is primarily just used to do instrument calibrations and system accuracy tests. When you go out to do these tests, there is a whole lot of information that you need to have, and you need to be able to record information. Everything that you need is on the app, whether it’s defining what test sensor you’re using, what field test instrument you’re using, what furnace class the furnace is — everything is there. So, they’re using it just to record information. As they’re using that app and putting that information in, their reports are literally being generated in real-time and waiting for the quality manager to review whenever he or she wants to.

DG:  I wanted to ask you about the different standards that you guys are covering. The three biggies we always think about are NADCAP, AMS2750, and CQI-9, and I’m sure you’ve got compliance with all of those. Are there any other major ones that you think any of our captive heat treaters might be interested in? I know the commercials will be interested in all of them, but any our captives might be interested in?

MW:  Yes. Those two are the big ones — the AMS2750 spec and CQI-9 — that’s going to cover your aerospace and your automotive specification. We have the ability to give our customers, and a lot of our users do take advantage of it to create their own custom specs. They can just define their custom specs, their criteria, their frequencies, and then use the same platform that we built for these two specs, out of the box, to drive the compliance to whatever spec they want. So, it’s very open — it’s kind of agnostic in that regard. But we just built in those two AMS2750 and CQI-9 specs because that’s going to hit over 90% of what everybody wants.

Just a thing about those specs: Whenever those specs revise, like when CQI-9 went from rev 3 to 4 and when AMS2750 revision from E to F, and now, coming up in June when it revises to G, one of the benefits of having a Cloud-based solution is that all of our customers, when it went to F, all they had to do was log into the portal, find their furnace and go from E and select F and they’re off and running. That’s all they had to do. No training is required. It saves a lot on time of training, and you don’t have to redo the paperwork. The reports and all those things are now current revision.

DG: And Rev G of AMS2750 is probably out. I was just at some industry meetings and the big stink about the AMS2750 is going to a tenth of a degree on some measuring tools and things of that sort. Are you guys are able to handle that? I assume, being the software guys, it probably doesn’t really matter to you whether it’s a tenth or a hundredth or whatever. But you can cover that?

MW:  Yes, absolutely. Now the tenth of a degree thing, I believe, is going to be extended for another year so that users are going to have one more year for that. The date we’re hearing and looking at is the end of June, so I think June 29th, which I think is the two-year anniversary of Rev E to F, so it will be coming out then, if nothing else changes.

DG:  The fellows I was hearing from were saying basically there is talk of the extension, but they’ve got to get it passed to actually get the extension, otherwise end of June is the date that most people are going to have to nail that with.

Your C3 Data tool is basically Cloud-based, portable, whether it’s website, phone, tablet or whatever, to help people comply. When the auditor walks in to get the information they want, how easy is it for your clients? What do they need to do? I assume this is where the real time and money-savings come in, correct?

MW:  Correct. What we like to tell people is, in a nutshell, C3 Data is going to save you time and help you pass your audits. The time saving is happening all during the year. Every SAT you do, you’re saving an enormous amount of time because you’re not writing in your reports, you’re not doing any calculations — you’re aggregating and gaining time throughout the year.

You’re also going to gain time in your audit preparation because, as you mentioned, when you log into your portal, your ability to find all of your documentation, along with our furnace dashboard which shows you, furnace by furnace, the compliance status of each one of them. You can see, in real-time, the compliance status is a huge timesaver and a real peace of mind that you can walk in with your hand on your heart and know from the auditor’s perspective, you’re going to have a good experience, because if he wants to see something, it’s very easy to find and you’re well prepared.

DG:  Timesaving has got to be enormous. I know there are a lot of companies investing a lot of time in these audits and in compliance-related things.

You guys do a lot of work in this area. Are there any good tools out there for any of our viewers/readers if they want to go and find out more information, whether it’s dealing with compliance, what is AMS2750, what is CQI-9, any of that kind of thing? Any suggestions from you on where people might want to go?

MW:  On our website, c3data.com, we’ve got a portion there that you can look up for training. We have a curriculum of training courses where they can come and educate themselves, whether it’s, like you say, to learn about what the spec is or maybe take a deeper dive into some of those fields — we have those available. We love talking to our customers and our prospects, too.

One of the things I will mention: In going back to the web as a software service model, one of the things that’s ongoing is the ability to support. We’ve been through so many of these audits and we know the spec probably more than the next guy and when you look at some of the testimonials on our website, you’ll see that they obviously love the product, but they love the ability to call one of us, and if we don’t know the answer, we’ll find out the answer and get them plugged into what they need. We enjoy talking about it.

This year, we’re going to be at the Furnace North America show in Indianapolis which is my hometown which will make it quite easy for me to get there. But we’re going to have a special guest, Doug Shuler, who’s going to be joining us at our booth. So come on by the booth and get all your questions answered by Doug.

DG:  If his name is Doug, he can’t be all bad.

Matt, thanks a lot. I really appreciate your time. I’m looking forward to seeing you guys continue to grow and you’re offering a great service to heat treaters, so best of luck to you.

MW:  I enjoyed it, Doug, thank you.

DG:  You bet.

For more information:

Matt's email: mwright@c3data.com

C3 Data website: www.c3data.com.

Doug Glenn <br> Publisher <br> Heat Treat Today

Doug Glenn
Publisher
Heat Treat Today

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


To find other Heat Treat Radio episodes, go to www.heattreattoday.com/radio and look in the list of Heat Treat Radio episodes listed.

 

 


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Heat Treat Capabilities Increase for Tooling and Machinery Component Manufacturer

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Marcin Stokłosa
Project Manager
Nitrex Poland
LinkedIn.com

The YAZICI TRANSFER MAKINA company decided to increase its heat treat capacity in Istanbul with a second turnkey nitrocarburizing system from a Canadian furnace manufacturer. This decision specifically increases the manufacturing capacity of tooling and machinery components for the company’s precision CNC machines. It started production with the new system in the fall of 2021, and is used for Nitreg®-C nitrocarburizing and ONC® in-process oxidation treatments.

This second NITREX furnace is the same type as the first installation, a compact size NXK series furnace that became operational in 2019, simply bigger. Marcin Stokłosa, project manager at NITREX Poland, describes the turnkey system as a "solution that improves the company’s bottom line and reaffirms its commitment to sustainable manufacturing."

For the manufacturer, the Nitreg®-C nitrocarburizing and ONC® in-process oxidation will give a combined ability to improve the wear and corrosion properties of alloy and carbon steel parts.

"In the beginning, YAZICI TRANSFER MAKINA was relying on a very well-known commercial heat treater from the Turkish market to nitrocarburize the parts it needed," says Utku Inan, Nitrex representative in Turkey. "Now, the company has moved heat treating operations in-house, purchasing its own systems to nitrocarburize metal parts, which saves the company on lead time and transportation costs."


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Western PA Heat Treat Facility VOQ Passes Startup Protocol

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Source: Solar
Robert (Bob) Hill, FASM
President
Solar Atmospheres of Western PA
Source: Solar Atmospheres

Solar Atmospheres of Western PA announced their newly designed vacuum oil quench furnace (VOQ) has passed startup protocol. There were zero flare and smoke-ups during the quench cycle and the transfer mechanism moved 2000 pound loads with no issues.

"[Recently]," Bob Hill, president of Solar Atmospheres of Western PA, says, "insurance companies are reluctant to write policies for commercial heat treaters simply because they see a single flame or evidence of smoke. In the past, unfortunate accidents have occurred with explosive endothermic atmospheres and flammable oils. I am convinced that this new Solar Manufacturing furnace is a much safer and greener way to oil quench parts."

Watch internal and external camera footage during a quench operation.

 

 

The design of the furnace allows for reading work temperatures within the 36" x 36" x 48" hot zone. No oxygen probes are necessary, since the furnace operates with an atmosphere devoid of oxygen. Alloys of dissimilar carbon contents and similar cross sections and austenitizing temperatures can be treated in the same load.

To read about the installation of this VOQ, or to watch a video of the largest component of that installation, click here.


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Western PA Heat Treat Facility VOQ Passes Startup Protocol Read More »

15 Questions To Ask Before Designing an Induction Coil

OCDesigning a new induction coil? Here are 15 questions to ask to ensure the coil meets all the requirements to do the job.

This Technical Tuesday feature was written by John Gadus, Design & Sales specialist at Induction Tooling, Inc., and was first published in Heat Treat Today's May 2022 Induction Heating print edition.


John Gadus
Design & Sales Specialist
Induction Tooling, Inc.
Source: Induction Tooling, Inc

The scope of information available when designing a new inductor can vary greatly. The tooling designer must understand how the customer will process the parts to achieve the desired heat treat specification. Captive heat treating typically involves dedicated high-volume automated systems that heat treat the same part for the life of the production run. Commercial heat treating can be high or low volume with relatively simple setups that provide flexibility to adapt multiple part geometries very quickly. The induction machine design regarding the material handling system, locator tooling, and cooling and quenching capabilities are all important details that need to be provided for any new inductor design.

When beginning a new project, especially for a new customer, basic background information is always helpful. This initial consultation provides insight when presenting follow-up questions to help familiarize new customers with the correct terminology.

1. Have you had any prior induction experience?

2. Have you processed similar parts previously?

Prior to quoting a new job, the very first thing a potential customer should provide for review is a “green” part print and heat treat specification. If there are any questions or clarifications needed, this is the time to confirm with the customer the exact heat treat requirements to provide feedback for realistic expectations. The part material and the machined condition of the part prior to heat treating are key to avoid design complications from misquoting.

Induction hardening
Source: Induction Tooling, Inc.

For new applications, often prototype or mock-up parts are used during development to prove out the heat treating process. This works well for very complicated or expensive parts. Extra care should be taken to maintain identical part geometries between prototypes and actual production parts to keep an apples-to-apples comparison.

Viable questions to ask would be:

3. What is the part material?

4. What is the hardness specification?

5. What are the heat treat pattern minimum and maximum limits for depth and breakout?

6. What are the “green” dimensions of the part prior to heat treating?

7. Will the part have extra stock for finish machining or grinding?

Specific details and information about the induction machine are very important as well. The machine design sets the stage for the style or type of inductor and determines how the part will be presented to the coil for heat treating. Locators often affect the temperature profile when placed in close proximity to heating zones. This can be used as an advantage especially when anticipating possible overheat conditions due to sharp corners or a thin wall. Detailed drawings of the locators and the material handling system along with close-up photos (or if practical, a visit to the customer’s facility) go a long way to avoid awkward tooling setups and machine clearance issues.

Here are a few induction machine questions whose specific answers will aid in the design process:

8. What is the generator frequency and power?

9. Single-shot or scanning?

10. What is the output contact design?

11. Is there an existing bus bar or quick-change clamping adapter?

12. What is the workpiece centerline?

13. What are the locator/material handling details?

Additional follow-up questions to narrow down the specific inductor features will help finalize the design. Cooling is the life blood of any inductor and will have a large impact on cycle life. The part material and heat treat specification will often dictate the quench design to provide optimal hardening results.

Because of the importance of cooling and quenching, the last two questions we must ask are:

14. How many cooling lines (supply & return) and type of quick-disconnect fittings?

15. How many quench supply lines and type of quick-disconnect fittings?

Most induction projects are unique but all share similar design characteristics. Depending on the machine builder or OEM manufacturer, dedicated equipment or custom-built systems can vary greatly even when processing the same or similar parts. Well defined and detailed answers to this list of important questions will provide the tooling designer with the information needed to provide the best inductor design possible to achieve the desired heat treat specification.

About the Author: John Gadus is a Design & Sales specialist at Induction Tooling, Inc. with over 25 years of inductor design experience mentored under the guidance of president/CEO Bill Stuehr and VP of Engineering David Lynch. John has honed his induction knowledge and tooling design techniques working closely with customers to meet project requirements across a wide range of induction heating applications, from initial design concepts to customer support at installation. John is co-author of several design patents and has recently taken the lead to explore additive manufacturing solutions for new innovative inductor designs.

Contact John Gadus: jgadus@inductiontooling.com


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15 Questions To Ask Before Designing an Induction Coil Read More »

Manufacturer Gains Gas-Fired Pit Furnace

HTD Size-PR Logo

Bill St. Thomas
Business Development Manager
Lindberg/MPH
Source: Lindberg/MPH

A Michigan-based furnace supplier will ship a gas-fired pit furnace to a manufacturer. The furnace, which has a maximum operating temperature of 1400°F and a load capacity of 2,750 lbs., is made with an outer shell of industrial steel and an alloy liner backed with insulating brick.

Lindberg/MPH announced the order of the new furnace, which is the second identical unit for the manufacturer. Upon delivery, the pit furnace will include type K thermocouples (pre-wired), a manual lid lift, a lid limit switch, and a control panel with temperature and excess temperature control.

“This furnace is an identical duplicate of a unit this customer previously purchased," Bill St. Thomas, business development manager at Lindberg/MPH says, "They trust Lindberg/MPH to provide equipment and solutions and to do so with exacting standards.”


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Manufacturer Gains Gas-Fired Pit Furnace Read More »

Feature Video: Why Nominate for Heat Treat Today’s 40 Under 40 Award?

OCInstead of a traditional Heat Treat Radio podcast this Thursday, we’re featuring a message from Bethany Leone, an editor at Heat Treat Today and the 40 Under 40 coordinator. This prestigious heat treat award opened for the fifth year this Monday, and we want to hear from you about who will be the next winners in Heat Treat Today’s 40 Under 40 Class of 2022. Find out why you should nominate in the video below and then listen to two leaders from the 40 Under 40 Class of 2021 as they speak about their heat treating experience.


Listen to how 40 Under 40 leaders describe their involvement in the industry

At “3:00 a.m. in the third shift,” Erika finds the most fascinating thing in heat treat industry: “support from people with much more experience than me. They provide the tools I need and show me the resources available in the industry to solve problems.”

Read more about Erika Zarazua, winner from the 40 Under 40 Class of 2021 here.

 

“Over the past few years, we’ve gone from only using traditional manufacturing techniques to make inductor coils to now using 3D printing and additive manufacturing to achieve more complex designs and tackle more complex problems.” Brendan is excited to see how these developments and induction heating will continue to develop over the next five years.

Read more about Brendan Evans, winner from the 40 Under 40 Class of 2021 here.

 

 


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Feature Video: Why Nominate for Heat Treat Today’s 40 Under 40 Award? Read More »

Deep Cryogenics 101

OCHeat treaters often target gas nitriding and carburizing as key additions to their facility, but sometimes they miss a low-cost opportunity for big wear improvement called Deep Cryogenic Treatment. What is it and could it be a game changer for your business?

This Technical Tuesday feature was written by Jack Cahn, president of Deep Cryogenics International and was first published in Heat Treat Today's May 2022 Induction Heating print edition.


Jack Cahn
President
Deep Cryogenics International
Source: Deep Cryogenics International

Benefits

Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) is a thermal process which provides 20–70% increased wear life, 10–20% increased ultimate tensile strength (UTS )/yield strength, and up to a 30% reduction in corrosion effect (Figures 1 & 2). Unlike case hardening or surface coating there is no part distortion, and cryogenically treated items are not prone to fatigue cracking. Whereas nitriding leaves a recast or white layer, DCT does not. Unlike all three processes, dissimilar materials (such as ferrous and non-ferrous) with varying geometric thicknesses can be treated together to increase mechanical and chemical properties. DCT can also be combined with gas nitriding to yield fine precipitates of carbo-nitrides and thru-core eta carbides — combining the best of diffusion and quenching with a diffusion-less thermo-kinetic process (Figure 3). DCT offers permanent, non-reversible wear improvement with no degradation over time.

(Left) Figure 1. Yield strength improvement;
(Right) Figure 2. Corrosion reduction
Source: Deep Cryogenics International

Many knife and tool steel manufacturers recommend the use of DCT after austenitizing and quenching but before tempering. It is standard industry practice to employ DCT to increase the wear life of D2, H13, S7, 440C, and several mold steels used in the plastic injection, stamping, and forging die industries.

DCT is also one of the lowest cost thermal processes available to heat treaters who already support exothermic and endothermic processes using onsite liquid nitrogen. Environmentally, DCT is neutral: it improves metallic wear life but leaves behind no chemicals, waste, or cleanup and requires no flammable, hazardous, or explosive gases. Fifteen of the 20 largest commercial heat treaters in North America promote their own DCT services and hundreds more have small DCT equipment.

Figure 3. Wear resistant carbides
Source: Deep Cryogenics International

How It Works

The DCT process usually follows austenitizing and quenching and is, effectively, a continuation of the quench process below martensite start and finish temperature. Items are placed in a specially designed chamber and slowly cooled from ambient to approximately -320°F (-195.5°C) over six to eight hours and then maintained in a dry, nitrogen gas environment for 8–30 hours before slowly returning to ambient — followed by 1–3 tempering steps. Round, vacuum-insulated processors use less liquid nitrogen (LN2 ) than rectangular chambers and can temper heavy items in-situ (Figure 4).

Figure 6. 14,000 lbs of Mn crusher cone mantles in the 36K
Source: Deep Cryogenics International

DCT is a diffusion-less thermal process that causes the transformation of retained austenite into martensite without embrittlement and the precipitation of primary and secondary eta carbides. With a low enough temperature and soak time there is a phase change from face-centered cubic (FCC) into body-centered cubic (BCC) or hexagonal close packed (HCP) slip systems. DCT relieves both cyclic and imposed stresses in metals caused by heat treating or manufacturing, further reducing the migration of crystalline defects such as stacking faults, dislocations, inclusions, and vacancies (Figures 5a & 5b). With the reduction in defect migration comes a reduction in interatomic spacing — directly lowering fatigue crack nucleation and propagation.

The process is effective on castings, forgings, additive manufactured, and fully machined items because DCT is a through-material process — maintaining wear protection long after surface coatings and case hardening have eroded. With the recent availability of industrial DCT equipment capable of treating parts 8’ x 8’ x 20’ and up to 30,000 lbs., the process now can be used on large turbine, oil and gas, and mining components previously cast too large for DCT (Figure 6).

So, with all these benefits, why has this process been so overlooked and underused?

Early Adoption and Stall

In the 1980s, heat treaters accepted cold treatment (-80°F) to reduce retained austenite and, later, shallow cryogenic treatment (-140°F to -240°F) to reduce residual stress. However, a lack of DCT test labs that could scientifically demonstrate DCT wear benefits, no large capacity DCT equipment available, and no DCT-specific ASTM test methods were key barriers hampering market growth. Unfortunately, DCT doesn’t show increased wear improvement using the universally adopted Rockwell hardness test ASTM E18-20. Without a specific ASTM test to validate process improvement and no suppliers of large size DCT chambers to complement the existing car bottom industrial furnaces, few heat treaters readily adopted DCT. The DCT chamber frequently sat unused in a corner of the shop.

The Current Opportunity

The key breakthrough for the DCT technology has been the evolution of industrial size equipment. Built and prototyped by Deep Cryogenics International in late 2021, the 36K offers heat treaters a new means to expand their service offerings and new capacity to DCT large parts. Since the 36K cryogenically treats at -320°F but also tempers to 350°F, the entire process (including post-DCT tempering) can be performed in one chamber. No longer will capacity be a technology limiter.

A new business model has also changed the DCT industry: low-cost leasing. By removing the high cost of capital purchase, Deep Cryogenics International’s captive leasing program offers heat treaters access to industrial scale DCT, coupled to an on-site liquid nitrogen generator and a 3,000-gallon storage dewar. Now LN2 can be generated on site at less than bulk supplied gas — dropping the “all in” cost of DCT to less than $0.20 per pound.

Figure 7. DCI VP Linda Williams next to the 36K
Source: Deep Cryogenics International

Lloyd’s Register is currently qualifying both the 36K and the DCT technology using a new approach to a recognized test standard — ASTM E2860 Residual Stress testing using X-ray diffraction. This non-destructive test method will positively identify DC-treated parts and correlate a level of improvement based on the drop in residual stress.

2022 will be a big year for DCT with a lot of firsts: large capacity equipment, a captive leasing program, and industry test and certification.

About the Author: Jack Cahn is president of Deep Cryogenics International — a manufacturer of DCT equipment with an in house DCT research lab. His 25-year background in DCT includes design and development of DCT procedures used in scientific, military, energy, and mining applications. He is the author of several patents, certification marks, and research papers. DCI will be opening a DCT demonstration facility in southern Alberta in June 2022.

Contact Jack Cahn: 902-329-5466 or jack@deepcryogenics.com


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Deep Cryogenics 101 Read More »