BURNERS & COMBUSTION SYSTEMS TECHNICAL CONTENT

Sustainability Insights: How Can We Work To Get The Carbon Out Of Heating? Part 2

The search for sustainable solutions in the heat treat industry is at the forefront of research for industry experts. Michael Stowe, PE, senior energy engineer at Advanced Energy, one such expert, offers some fuel for thought on the subject of how heat treaters should prioritize the reduction of their carbon emissions by following the principles of reuse, refuel, and redesign.

This Sustainability Insights article was first published in Heat Treat Today’s January/February 2024 Air & Atmosphere print edition.


Reduce

Michael Stowe
PE, Senior Energy Engineer
Advanced Energy

We explored why the question above has come to the forefront for industrial organizations in Part 1, released in Heat Treat Today’s December 2023 print edition. Now, let’s look at the four approaches to managing carbon in order of priority.

The best way to manage your carbon footprint is to manage your energy consumption. Therefore, the first and best step for reducing your carbon footprint is to reduce the amount of energy you are consuming. Energy management tools like energy treasure hunts, energy assessments, implementation of energy improvement projects, the DOE 50001 Ready energy management tool, or gaining third party certification in ISO 50001 can all lead to significant reduction in energy consumption year over year. Lower energy use means a smaller carbon footprint.

Additionally, ensuring proper maintenance of combustion systems will also contribute to improved operational efficiency and energy savings. Tuning burners, changing filters, monitoring stack exhaust, controlling excess oxygen in combustion air, lubricating fans and motors, and other maintenance items can help to ensure that you are operating your combustion-based heat treating processes as efficiently as possible.

Reuse

Much of the heat of the combustion processes for heat treating goes right up the stack and heats up the surrounding neighborhood. Take just a minute and take the temperature of your exhaust stack gases. Chances are this will be around 1200–1500°F. Based on this, is there any effective way to reuse this wasted heat for other processes in your facility? One of the best things to do with waste heat is to preheat the combustion air feeding the heat treating process. Depending on your site processes, there are many possibilities for reusing waste heat, including:

  • Space heating
  • Part preheating
  • Hot water heating
  • Boiler feed water preheating
  • Combustion air preheating

Refuel

Once you have squeezed all you can from reducing your process energy consumption and reusing waste heat, you may now want to consider the possibility of switching the fuel source for the heat treating process. If you currently have a combustion process for a heat treat oven or furnace, is it practical or even possible to convert to electricity as the heating energy source? Electricity is NOT carbon free because the local utility must generate the electricity, but it typically does have lower carbon emissions than your existing direct combustion processes on site. Switching heating energy sources is a complex process, and you must ensure that you maintain your process parameters and product quality. Typically, some testing will be required to ensure the new electrical process will maintain the metallurgical properties and the quality standards that your customer’s specific cations demand. Also, you will need a capital investment in new equipment to make this switch. Still, this method does have significant potential for reducing carbon emissions, and you should consider this where applicable and appropriate.

Redesign

Finally, when the time is right, you can consider starting with a blank sheet of paper and completely redesigning your heat treating system to be carbon neutral. This, of course, will mean a significant process change and capital investment. This would be applicable if you are adding a brand-new process line or setting up a new manufacturing plant at a greenfield site.

In summary, heat treating requires significant energy, much of which is fueled with carbon-based fossil fuels and associated-support electrical consumption. Both combustion and electricity consumption contribute to an organization’s carbon footprint. One of the best ways to help manage your carbon footprint is to consider and manage your energy consumption.

For more information:
Connect with IHEA Sustainability & Decarbonization Initiatives www.ihea.org/page/Sustainability
Article provided by IHEA Sustainability

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Anatomy of a Roller Hearth Furnace

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Consider the numerous systems in your heat treat operations. What makes up the anatomy of each furnace? In this “Anatomy of a . . .” series, industry experts indicate the main features of a specific heat treat system. In this feature, the full-page spread identifies main features in a roller hearth furnace.

The mark-ups for these reference images are provided by Premier Furnace Specialists.

Download the full graphics by clicking the image below.

This Technical Tuesday article is drawn from Heat Treat Today’s January/February 2024 Air/Atmosphere print edition, that had a special focus on roller hearths. Use this mark-up as you read two feature articles from the magazine: “5 Experts on Advantages and Applications of Roller Hearth Systems” and “Thermal Loop Solutions, Part 1: A Path to Improved Performance and Compliance in Heat Treatment.

Search www.heattreatbuyersguide.com for a list of roller hearth furnace providers to the North American market. If you are a roller hearth furnace supplier and are not listed here, please let us know at editor@heattreattoday.com.

This series will continue in subsequent editions of Heat Treat Today’s print publications. Stay tuned!


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Hydrogen Combustion: An Approaching Reality?

How long until heat treat operations use hydrogen for combustion? Considerations like cost and pipeline infrastructure are key in answering this question. For these industry experts, the consensus is clear: It is uncertain when, but hydrogen is coming. Doug Glenn, publisher of Heat Treat Today, moderated a panel of four industry experts in 2023 during which they addressed topics about advancements and challenges surrounding hydrogen combustion. Read an excerpt of their answers below. For the full interview go to www.heattreattoday.com/hydrogen2023.


What’s New for Hydrogen?

Dr.-Ing. Joachim G. Wuenning
President/Owner
WS Wärmeprozesstechnik GmbH

Joe Wuenning: In Europe, several steel companies are getting large funds to really go in on the hydrogen road to make green steel. If you have green steel, you will also convert the downstream processes. These places are large locations where the steel plants are running.

Automotive companies will ask for green steel. How long will it take until the heat treat shop will get to the point of using hydrogen for combustion is uncertain, but I’m sure it will be, in the end, coming also there.

Brian Kelly
Applications Engineering Manager
Honeywell Thermal Solutions

Brian Kelly: We have seen projects secured that have come to fruition firing on hydrogen. They’ve fired on hydrogen to prove it works and then moved back to natural gas since the H2 supply is not readily available.

What we’ve seen in the U.S. is a slowdown in some of the inquiries and questions about hydrogen. There may be a slowdown in the fervor of the talk about hydrogen, but it is certainly in the background and maybe a little bit more towards how do we be more green until hydrogen gets here?

Robert Sanderson
Director of Business Development
Rockford Combustion

Bob Sanderson: We’ve seen more inquiries, specifically from a lot of laboratory users who are trying to develop new engines, processes, and combustion products and looking for all the support and the technology to safely handle transport and bring that hydrogen into the lab under various test conditions.

A few users, too, want to understand: If they make the change to hydrogen, what’s going to happen with the rest of their systems?

Mark Hannum
Manager of Innovation and Combustion Laboratory
Fives North American Combustion

We have seen some early hydrogen requests going on which have tapered off a bit. I think it goes hand in hand with users becoming more familiar with the systems and having more of their questions answered. But I think some of it also depends a bit on the market pressures and the demands. The cost of natural gas has gone down dramatically. It’s going down faster than the cost of hydrogen is coming down. Hydrogen is going to keep coming down and keep becoming more and more affordable. Then it will reenter into the marketplace.

Mark Hannum: Probably the biggest thing is some of the regulatory and law changes that have happened. The Inflation Reduction Act certainly puts in place a lot of supports for hydrogen production and hydrogen-based systems for decarbonization.

Burgeoning Users of Hydrogen

Kelly: New inquiries have come from a lot of different places for us. We’ve had food and beverage, some heat treating, and plastics. Some of the inquiries have been waste to energy, sequestering CO2, and capturing the hydrogen. That’s how we’re going to produce it.

Wuenning: Our business is in the steel and heat treating industry. I’m not so much in touch with the other industries, but I think it would come from everywhere — everywhere the people are willing to pay for it. Of course, we have never beat natural gas on price, so far. Hydrogen is never going to come free out of the ground. But we all know the reasons why we want to get rid of the fossils.

In heat treat, we see another tendency, and that is the use of ammonia. We try to check out whether we can use ammonia because with hydrogen you need pipeline connections, and it will take quite some time until the pipelines will carry hydrogen to the last little heat treater somewhere in the countryside.

Hannum: One of the nice things about hydrogen is if you have a clean source of water and electricity, you might be able to make hydrogen in a remote location. You might not need to pipeline it; you could make the gas and use it on site.

The need for pipeline infrastructure is a key issue in the use of hydrogen.

In the steel industry in Europe, these major investments are being played out and committed to, but we’re years away from being adopted, for day-in and day-out use.

There are a lot of segments that are performing really meaningful tests at the industrial scale because they’re all trying to de-risk the switch from natural gas to hydrogen. Are there any process-side impacts that they need to understand that would impact product quality or product suitability or any of those things? All that stuff is going on now, and I think it’s going to take a couple of years for everyone to sort of work through and have a good understanding of whether there’s anything they need to be worried about beyond just the fuel switch itself, if there’s any process.

Sanderson: A lot of the push I’ve seen has come out of the aerospace and the automotive industries, not so much on the products that they make but more on the manufacturing side of it.

Advancements and Challenges with Hydrogen

Sanderson: We’re doing a lot more work now with stainless materials. There is quite a bit of involvement using stainless and other materials that have higher nickel contents and other materials to help work into the grain boundaries.

Working with hydrogen has some unique challenges compared to other fuels. It’s the smallest atomic molecule out there and it just wants to permeate into everything. With a lot of the higher, high-end pressures, there is a lot of chance of steel embrittlement, but if you can get away from those higher ends and try and get down to more usable, friendly working pressures, you don’t stand as much risk on the hydrogen embrittlement and dealing with leaks and permeability. So, just helping people understand that those are some of the changes that need to come into play for a safe, long-term solution in their applications.

Hannum: We have installed some hydrogen-firing capability in our lab; it was about a $400,000 investment. So, at this point, we can fire a substantial amount of input for longer durations than we could before. So, that’s really helpful when we’re looking at what the impacts are across our entire burner product range, when we look at a conversion from natural gas to hydrogen.

It also lets us perform some process-based studies where we can really simulate industrial processes and have a longer duration hydrogen firing. So, we’ve been able to support some customers by simulating some of their processes here and actually firing the materials that they
would normally fire at their plant to look at hydrogen impact on those materials.

We’ve also gone to a couple of our customer sites and participated in studies with them. One of those earlier this year, right after THERMPROCESS, was Hydro Aluminum in Spain; we melted aluminum with hydrogen without any natural gas. That was, I think, the first industrial scale melting of aluminum with hydrogen.

Wuenning: We have now put into place an electrolyzer for making our own hydrogen, and not relying on the bottles coming in or on ammonia supply. We installed a big ammonia tank so that we can run the ammonia tests on site, develop the crackers and account for them. And, of course, we are involved in several research projects together with universities and some sites that do all these things to try it out.

Kelly: The latest this year is an investment for one of our factories to have an electrolyzer-type system, so a full-blown, cradle-to-grave type of system to be able to produce the hydrogen. Muncie is investing in that whole substructure with the capability of increasing to tube tankers before the electrolyzer comes so there is significant investment on that end. And from the product end, we’ve just kept testing and looking at the whole product line, not just burners, but all the controls and things to be associated with hydrogen firing.

In addition to the controls behind the system, we must also think about the development of simpler and/or more complicated systems. These updated systems are necessary because of changes in air/fuel rations and all the concerns that pop up when using different fuels.

These systems need to take into account what the process is requiring, namely holding tighter air/fuel ratios and also being less dependent on low temperature air-heating applications, but also being able to use higher temperatures and higher oxygen rates with some excess air. We’ve been working on those types of systems and looking at that when the clients are in a situation where they can fire on either fuel. How critical it is to hold capacity and air/fuel ratio and things of that nature, and how can we make that as easy as possible for the client?

But, yes, a lot of activity on that basis. And even in product development looking at the future — lower NOx and lower emissions burners that go in conjunction with hydrogen. In the lower and high temperature range, we’ve got to look at a burner that can fi re via flex-fuel type burner. Maybe not just hydrogen and natural gas but something in biofuels or renewable-type fuels.

About the Experts

Joachim (Joe) Wuenning is the owner and CEO of WS Thermal Process Technology.

Brian Kelly is the applications engineering manager at Honeywell Thermal Solutions.

Robert Sanderson is the director of business development at Rockford Combustion.

Mark Hannum is the manager of the innovation and combustion laboratory at Fives North American Combustion.

For more information: Visit www.heattreattoday.com/hydrogen2023


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Sustainability Insights: How Can We Work to Get the Carbon Out of Heating? Part 1

The search for sustainable solutions in the heat treat industry is at the forefront of research for industry experts. Michael Stowe, PR, senior energy engineer at Advanced Energy, one such expert, offers some fuel for thought on the subject of how heat treaters can reduce their carbon emissions.

This Sustainability Insights article was first published in Heat Treat Today’s December 2023 Heat Treat Medical and Energy print magazine.


Michael Stowe
PE, Senior Energy Engineer
Advanced Energy
op-ed

The question in the article title is becoming increasingly popular with industrial organizations. Understanding the carbon content of products is becoming more of a “have to” item, especially for organizations that are in the supply chain for industrial assembly plants such as in the automotive industry. Many heat treaters are key steps in the supply chain process, and their carbon footprints will be of more interest to upstream users of heat treated parts in the future. I know I am overstating the obvious here, but I am going to do it anyway for emphasis:

  1. Heat treating requires HEAT.
  2. HEAT requires ENERGY consumption.
  3. ENERGY consumption creates a carbon footprint:
    a. Fossil fuels heating — direct carbon emissions (Scope 1)
    b. Electric heating — indirect carbon emissions (Scope 2)

Therefore, by definition and by process, if you are heat treating, then you are producing carbon emissions. Again, the question is, “How can we work to get the carbon out of heating?” Let us explore this.

Figure 1. Methane combustion (Source: Advanced Energy)

Once more, heat treating requires energy input. The energy sources for heat treating most frequently include the combustion of carbon-based fossil fuels such as natural gas (methane), propane, fuel oil, diesel, or coal. Also, most combustion processes have a component of electricity to operate combustion air supply blowers, exhaust blowers, circulation fans, conveyors, and other items.

Figure 1 shows the chemical process for the combustion of methane (i.e., natural gas). Figure 1 demonstrates that during combustion, methane (CH4) combines with oxygen (O₂) to form carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). This same process is true for any carbon-based fuel. If you try to imagine all the combustion in progress across the globe at any given time, and knowing that all this combustion is releasing CO₂, then it is easy to see the problem and the need for CO₂ emission reductions.

In the most basic terms, if you have a combustion-based heat treating process on your site, then you are emitting CO₂. The electricity consumed to support the combustion processes also has a carbon component, and the consumption of this electricity contributes to a site’s carbon footprint.

Figure 2. The 4 Rs of carbon footprint (Source: Advanced Energy)

So, combustion and electricity consumption on your site contributes to your carbon footprint. Knowing this, organizations may want to consider the level of their carbon footprint and explore ways to reduce it. There are many methods and resources available to help organizations understand and work to improve their carbon footprint. For this article, we will focus on the 4 Rs of carbon footprint
reduction (see Figure 2).

We will discuss each of these approaches individually in priority order in the next installment of the Sustainability Insights.

For more information:
Connect with IHEA Sustainability & Decarbonization Initiatives www.ihea.org/page/Sustainability
Article provided by IHEA Sustainability


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Sustainability Insights: Process Heating and the Energy-Carbon Connection

“Plan, do, check, act.” When it comes to caring about carbon footprint, a path forward to may seem too out-of-reach. But breaking down process heating and how to efficiently consider carbon use can be possible with industry resources.

This Sustainability Insight article was composed by Michael Stowe, PE, the senior Energy Engineer at Advanced Energy for Heat Treat Today's September 2023 People of Heat Treating print edition.


Michael Stowe, PE
Senior Energy Engineer
Advanced Energy
Source: IHEA

Over the past several years, process heating energy markets have shifted in response to significant global pressures. The need to understand the impact of greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially carbon based emissions, on climate change is gaining more interest from organizations that have industrial process heating. Organizations that manufacture or use process heating equipment need to understand the impact their equipment can have on carbon emissions. The terms “carbon emissions” or “carbon footprints” use the word “carbon,” but these terms can include other GHGs, and the carbon refers to carbon dioxide gas (CO2).

Process heating requires energy input. The energy sources for process heating most frequently include the combustion of carbon-based fossil fuels such as natural gas, propane, fuel oil, diesel, or coal. Also, most combustion processes have a component of electricity to operate combustion air supply blowers, exhaust blowers, circulation fans, conveyors, and other items. Figure 1 shows the chemical process for the combustion of methane (i.e., natural gas).

Figure 1 demonstrates that during combustion, methane (CH4) combines with oxygen (O2) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). This same process is true for any carbon-based fuel. If you try to imagine all the combustion in progress across the globe at any given time, and knowing that all this combustion is releasing CO2, then it is easy to see the problem and the need for CO2 emission reduction.

Figure 1. Chemical process for methane combustion
(Source: Advanced Energy)

In basic terms, if you have a combustion process on your site, then you are emitting CO2. The electricity consumed to support the combustion processes also has a carbon component and the consumption of this electricity contributes to a site’s carbon footprint. Climate change impacts due to these carbon emissions have prompted government and corporate actions that are creating unique new opportunities for more sustainable and lower carbon process heating methods.

So, combustion and electricity consumption on your site contribute to your carbon footprint. Knowing this, organizations may now want to understand the actual level of their carbon footprint and ways to reduce it. There are many methods and resources available to help organizations understand and work to improve their carbon footprint.

The Industrial Heating Equipment Association (IHEA) has recognized this need to understand carbon footprints and is in the middle of a four-part webinar series on this topic. Session three (held on July 20, 2023) covered methods and resources to help organizations determine and improve their carbon footprint.

Session 3: DOE Tools and Programs for GHG Reduction

There are many options available to help determine carbon emissions for equipment, processes, sites, and organizations. This presentation will review some of these available tools and how to apply them to different situations. Carbon emissions are directly tied to energy consumption, so it is very important to understand how all your energy is consumed on site by energy type. This presentation will provide tools and programs to help you understand your energy consumption and thereby understand your carbon emissions. Additionally, energy improvement projects are also carbon emission reduction projects. This session will help you understand how to determine the impact of energy projects on your carbon footprint.

Session 4: Ongoing Sustainability — Industry Best Practices for Continual Improvement

Carbon reduction is not a project, it is a process, and must be ongoing. Earlier sessions will help you determine your carbon footprint and understand ways to track and improve your carbon footprint. In this presentation, we will review methods and programs to ensure the continual improvement of your carbon reduction efforts. Following the “plan, do, check, act” method used in many continual improvement programs, we will review steps to take for keeping your momentum moving in the right direction. We will also plan to have industry case studies for success in ongoing and improving carbon reduction programs.

Registration for these sessions can be found on the events page of www.ihea.org. If you or your organization want to learn more about your carbon footprint and how to measure and reduce it, you will not want to miss this opportunity.

In summary, heat treating, and other process heating methods, require significant energy, much of which is fueled with carbon-based fossil fuels, and associated with support electricity consumption. Both combustion and electricity consumption contribute to an organization’s carbon footprint. One of the best ways to help manage your carbon footprint is to understand and manage your energy consumption. For more information on this topic, please check out the IHEA Sustainability & Decarbonization Initiatives.

About the author:

Michael Stowe (PE) is the senior energy engineer at Advanced Energy. Michael focuses on process heating and energy efficiency in manufacturing plants. He has significant experience in the manufacturing industry serving in various roles as design engineer, production manager, plant engineer, and facilities engineer over the past 27 years.


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Settling in for the Season with Sustainability Suggestions

As we get further into the heart of fall, it’s time to turn up the heat (treat)! – but how can this be done in an optimized and sustainable way?

Today’s Technical Tuesday original content round-up features tips and tricks from our summer print editions on how to optimize and sustain your heat treat operations, even during the chilly months. So, bundle up, grab a hot drink, and review these insightful pieces!


Sustainability Insights Corner 

In May, Heat Treat Today began publishing "Sustainability Insights" from the IHEA editorial team. Here's a brief overview of the recent insights all in one place:

May: New Sustainability & Decarbonization Initiatives for Heat Treat. Learn from industry-leader Brian Kelly about the stages of getting started with suitability and planning for the future of the industry.

June: NEW Sustainability and Carbonization Webinar Series. Although this year's IHEA Webinar series may have come and gone, it's not too late to establish a foundational understanding of carbon and sustainability here!

August: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Your Heat Treating Operations. Brian Kelly of Rockford Combustion is back with yet another suitability insight, here exploring ways to assess your heat treating operation's carbon footprint, tune your combustion systems, explore renewable fuels, and much more.

September: Process Heating and the Energy-Carbon Connection. Explore the issue of greenhouse gases and how recent conversations are affecting the heat treating industry with Michael Stowe of Advanced Energy.

In Case You Missed the May Issue: Induction and Sustainability Tips  

Looking for sustainability tips for your heat treating operation, but lacking in time? Heat Treat Today's May Issue has you covered with a quick read: "13 Induction and Sustainability Tips." We'll highlight a few below which made it into a recent Technical Tuesday feature:

Induction and Sustainability Tips Part 1: Cleaning and Maintenance

Induction and Sustainability Tips Part 2: Efficient Power

Induction and Sustainability Tips Part 3: Combustion

Induction and Sustainability Tips Part 4: Vacuum Furnace and Heat Treat Energy Savings

Sustainable Energy for Furnaces? What does the Future Hold? 

What will the future run on? With growing discontent around current energy sources like natural gas and other fossil fuels, power sources for furnace equipment are due for a makeover.

Explore the question of sustainable energy for furnaces in the future with industry experts John Clarke of Helios Electric, Philippe Kerbois of Glass, various authors from Watlow, and Stuart Hakes of F.I.C. (UK) Limited.

Read the article by Heat Treat Today's Editorial Team: Energizing the Future of Furnaces - 4 Perspectives.

Saving Power and Dollars in Vacuum Processing 

How much electrical power is being used in the typical heat treatment plant? And how can power (and money) be saved in these operations? If these questions peak your interest, explore further with Roger A. Jones and William Jones of Solar Atmospheres.

Learn about savings in electricity and money in areas of electric motors, high vacuum diffusion pumps, gas blowers, building lighting, AC/heating, and more in this article.

Read the article, "Conserve Electric Power and Save Dollars in Vacuum Processing" here!


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Anatomy of a Combustion System

Consider the numerous systems in your heat treat operations. What makes up the anatomy of each furnace? In this “Anatomy of a...” series, industry experts indicate the main features of a specific heat treat system. In this feature, Rockford Combustion compares two types of low-temperature combustion systems: standard nozzle mix and pre-mix combustion. As Bob describes, “low temperature” is defined as being “below the auto-ignition threshold,” which varies around 1200°F.

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The mark-ups for these reference images are provided by Robert (Bob) Sanderson, director of Business Development at Rockford Combustion.

Download the full graphics by clicking the images below.

 

This Technical Tuesday article is drawn from Heat Treat Today's August Automotive print edition.

Search www.heattreatbuyersguide.com for a list of combustion system providers to the North American market. If you are a combustion system supplier and not listed here, please let us know at editor@heattreattoday.com

This series will continue in subsequent editions of Heat Treat Today's print publications. Stay tuned!


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Heat Treat Radio #101: Heat Treat Tomorrow, Hydrogen Combustion 2023 – Fuel of the Future?

Doug Glenn, publisher of Heat Treat Today, moderates a panel of 4 industry experts who discuss how hydrogen combustion is being received in the market this past summer 2023, both in terms of availability to in-house heat treaters and the receptivity of using hydrogen for combustion by heat treaters. Experts include Mark Hannum, Fives North American Combustion, Inc; Brian Kelly, Honeywell Thermal Solutions; Robert Sanderson, Rockford Combustion; and Joe Wuenning, WS Thermal.

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The Layers of Low-Temperature Combustion Systems

The primary advantage of pre-mix burners is the reduction of comparative emissions. But converting a nozzle mix to a pre-mix burner involves more than a burner exchange. There are many factors to consider when designing any combustion system. This article is a brief outline of the functioning technology for two common low-temperature (below 1200°F) combustion systems.

This Technical Tuesday article was composed by Robert Sanderson (PE), Director of Business Development, Rockford Combustion for Heat Treat Today's August 2023 Automotive Heat Treating print edition.


What Is Low Temperature?

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Robert Sanderson P.E.
Director of Business Development
Rockford Combustion Solutions
(Source: Rockford Combustion Solutions)

“Low temperature” is a nebulous term. What may be considered high temperature to one user may be regarded as low temperature by another. For this review, low temperature is any heating process where the firing chamber conditions are below auto-ignition temperature of the fuel — which, for many hydrocarbons and other combustible fuels, is about 1200°F — and sufficiently low that the chamber construction could be a metal-lined interior with external insulation.

Low-temperature applications vary, but they are commonly used to heat larger volumes of process air directly. As such, the burner’s air consumption is not a factor in the overall process efficiency.

Technology In Focus: Nozzle Mix vs. Pre-Mix Burners

Nozzle mix burners come in a great variety of designs. Some are simple gas spuds, others are linear arrays of fuel jets. A step up from these basic designs are machined fuel nozzles made to blend air and fuel. Some nozzle mix burners rely upon process fans to supply combustion air while others incorporate combustion blowers.

Regardless of the specific burner configuration, low-temperature burners are often capable of large temperature lifts, high heat-flux inputs, and wide operating ranges.

The control systems for nozzle mix burners are traditional fuel and air designs that many users will be familiar with. These burners are typically capable of operating on various fuels with relatively low utility pressures.

Pre-mix burners are also available in both point and line heat release designs. Pre-mix burners commonly feature low emissions, often the driving factor for their selection. To manage emissions, the general operating characteristics of pre-mix burners often include soft heat-flux inputs, narrow operating ranges, advanced fuel/air control systems, singular fuel designs, and elevated utility pressures.

These features vary somewhat with each design, but all are aspects commonly used as emissions control mechanisms. The control of pre-mix systems is more complex, and it is common for end-users to have training to understand better the proper operation and maintenance required to uphold their safe performance.

A notable difference between nozzle and pre-mix burners is the fuel/air blending design.

Many nozzle mix designs combine the fuel and air within a fuel nozzle directly at the point of combustion. The mixing of these streams may be staged or partially blended, depending on the nozzle design. Pre-mix burners, in contrast, typically have aggressive blending zones to thoroughly aerate the fuel, producing a homogenous, combustible mixture. This mixture is then distributed to the burner’s combustion zone. For safety, integrated with pre-mix burners will be a flashback arrestor or a similar fuel safety design feature.

Behind each nozzle and pre-mix burner system are fuel and air control systems. Because the two burner categories differ, each fuel control system style is unique and designed for that burner’s operating parameters.

The System at Large

An appropriately designed combustion system will consider the process conditions, user needs, and burner parameters in the design of the fuel and air control systems. If any aspect is lacking, the result can be an underperforming combustion system.

About the author:

Robert (Bob) Sanderson has years of experience knowledge and is experienced in a variety of industries. Throughout Bob’s 32+ years of experience experience in the combustion field, he has worked in automotive, abatement-oxidation, aerospace, agriculture, food and beverage, HVAC, heat treating, glass, asphalt, pyrolysis, reducing furnaces, dryers, immersion heaters, and power generation. Bob has been employed by companies such as Eclipse, Honeywell, and Haden, Inc. Bob brings systems integration and the application experience of how systems interact in various environments to his current role at Rockford Combustion. Bob is a member of the NFPA-86 technical committee.


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Fives North American Combustion CertiFire® Presentation at AISTech

OCSource: Fives North American Combustion, Inc.

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Click Image To View the Presentation

This presentation was featured in a Heat Treat Radio episode with Justin Dzik, manager of business development, and Ben Witoff, manager of data engineering, at Fives North American Combustion, Inc. In the episode, Heat Treat Radio #77: Algorithmic Combustion Tuning With Justin Dzik and Ben Witoff at Fives, Heat Treat Today publisher Doug Glenn learns about a never-before-seen combustion system tuning technology from Justin and Ben. Hear from the experts themselves how this system will save time, money, and personnel and can be adapted to virtually any furnace system.

An excerpt from the episode: "Where we’ve focused on is direct-fired heat treat furnaces and torch furnaces, and we’re looking to branch out into other things. We’ve even had discussions internally of using this on resistive heaters for electric heaters because we know 'the green wave' is coming. The product itself has been stated pretty well. The algorithm has no idea that it’s even a furnace. It could be applied to pretty much everything."

Access the full episode: Heat Treat Radio #77: Algorithmic Combustion Tuning With Justin Dzik and Ben Witoff at Fives

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