jason orosz

Nitriding vs. FNC

OCHow well do you know hardness processing? Can you draw the line where nitriding and ferritic nitrocarburizing (FNC) differ? In this Technical Tuesday feature, skim this straight forward data that has been assembled from information provided by four heat treat experts: Jason Orosz and Mark Hemsath at NitrexThomas Wingens at WINGENS LLC – International Industry Consultancy, and Dan Herring, The Heat Treat Doctor at The HERRING GROUP, Inc.

Let us know what you think! What is the next comparison you'd like to see? What facts were you surprised by? Email Heat Treat Daily editor Bethany Leone at bethany@heattreattoday.com.

Nitriding Descriptor Ferritic Nitrocarburizing
480º-590C (896º-1094ºF) typical Temperature Range 565º-590ºC (1049ºF-1094ºF) typical
Wrought and powder metallurgy materials including alloy steels (e.g., 4140), stainless steel (e.g., 304L, 420), tool steels (e.g., H11, H13) and special nitriding steels (e.g,, Nitralloy 135M, Nitralloy EZ) are typical examples. Many other steel grades are possible. Materials Commonly Processed Plain and medium carbon steels (e.g., 1015, 1018, 1045), alloy steels (e.g., 4140, 4340) and tool steels (e.g., H11, H13) are typical examples. Many other steels grades are possible.
Wear (as in abrasion resistance), bending, torsional and rolling contact, fatigue resistance, lubricity, and adhesive strength improvements. Materials Commonly Processed: Why to Process Them with These Methods Wear resistance, lubricity, fatigue, and corrosion resistance are primary benefits with improved fatigue strength and adhesive strength possible.
3-48 hours at temperature. May be up to 72 hours. Relative Cycle Times 2-6 hours at temperature.
Pit retort furnaces and front load retort furnaces for gas nitriding, although bell retort furnaces have also been used. Equipment Types Used for the Process Pit retort furnaces and front load retort furnaces for gaseous ferritic nitrocarburizing. Bell retort furnaces have also been used.
Ammonia and nitrogen or ammonia and dissociated ammonia. Atmospheres Used/Required Ammonia and nitrogen and carbon-bearing gas such as CO2, CO, or endothermic gas.
Dies, gears, pump bodies, springs, gun barrels, shafts and pinions, pins, brake rotors and may other types of component parts produced from bar, plate, rod, forgings and castings formed by stampings, machining, rolling, forging, casting, etc. Typical Parts Processed Wear plates, washers, clutch plates, gas pistons, brake pistons, brake rotors, barrels, slides, differential cases and other types of component parts produced from bar, plate, rod, etc., and formed by stampings, rolling, machining, casting, etc.
Automotive, aerospace, oil & gas, industrial machinery (e.g., pumps), and tool & die. Typical Industries Served Automotive and industrial machinery hydraulics.
Cost is often higher for gas nitriding as opposed to other case hardening processes (including FNC) based on the type of component parts run. In many cases, cost is a function of the longer cycle time and/or more labor involved. Relative Cost Per Unit Cost is often lower than many other case hardening processes (including gas nitriding) based on the type(s) of component parts run. In many cases, cost is a function of a shorter cycle time and/or less labor involved.
Basic specifications are easily achieved with good equipment and/or controls; difficulty increases when attempting to produce specialized layer compositions/phases. Ease of Use/Control Basic specifications are easily achieved with good equipment and/or controls; difficulty increases when attempting to produce specialized layer compositions/phases. Hardware/control requirements are more complicated than for nitriding when controlling for carbon potential.
It can range from very simple to medium-high depending on application. Relative Expertise Necessary to Perform Medium-high depending on the application. The user will want to look for clean parts, a good loading system, and PLC controlled cycle.
Aqueous (clean chemistry) including rinse/dry, vapor degreasing (clean chemistry). Cleaning Requirements Aqueous (clean chemistry) including rinse/dry, vapor degreasing (clean chemistry).
White glove Handling Requirements White glove
Pre- and post-oxidation Process Options Pre- and post-oxidation
AMS 2759, AMS 2759/10, (latest revisions) Applicable Specifications AMS 2757, AMS 2759/12, AMS 2759/13 (latest revisions)
Time, temperature, gas flow, nitriding potential (Kn) and/or percent dissociation, hydrogen sensors. Controls Time, temperature, gas flow, nitriding potential (Kn), carbon potential (Kc) and oxygen potential (Ko). Hydrogen sensor and oxygen (carburizing) sensor may be used.
electric and gas-fired equipment Fuel Source electric and gas-fired equipment
Hardness (surface, core), case depth determination (via microhardness – typically core hardness + 50 HV), microstructure (compound and diffusion zone depths), composition, core structure, presence of absence of nitride networking (aka nitride needles), and the presence or absence of cracking or spalling of the case. Testing Required Hardness (surface, core), case depth determination (via microhardness – typically core hardness + 50 HV), microstructure (compound and diffusion zone depths), composition, core structure, porosity (type and depth), and the presence or absence of cracking or spalling of the case.
Warm wall plasma nitriding, as well as advances in controls, sensors, temperature uniformity, and reduced gas volumes. Latest Advances Black oxide, hydrogen sensors, and fast cooling techniques as well as advances in controls, sensors, and temperature uniformity.
(1) simple equipment, (2) can offer beneficial tribological changes part/metal, (3) performed after part machining, (4) little-to-no distortion. Pros (Strengths) (1) fast, cheap, repeatable results, (2) excellent corrosion resistance, especially with (black) oxide, (3) performed after part machining, (4) minimal distortion/almost distortion free
(1) long cycle time, sometimes a multi-day process if deep case is required, (2) effective pre-cleaning required, (3) weldability becomes reduced, (4) ammonia is used, (5) embrittlement with too much white layer. Cons (Weaknesses) (1) Focused on part surface, mainly with inexpensive materials, (2) effective pre-cleaning required, (3) weldability becomes reduced, (4) ammonia is sometimes a concern.

 

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Looking Ahead: Industry Expansion in Uncertain Climate

We see the expansion plans of companies related to the heat treat industry, and we are with you: How? Why? At this time?

Heat Treat Today’s Original Content article seeks to illuminate some of these questions and frame industry expansion in real terms, as well as share reasons to be hopeful for the future. Featured in this article are Industrial Heating Equipment Association (IHEA) Economic Specialist Dr. Chris Kuehl, Managing Director at Armanda Corporate Intelligence, and Jason Orosz, President of Nitrex Heat Treating Services (HTS).


COVID-19 may own the spotlight today, but manufacturing’s tomorrow is getting some big-dollar investments.

– Jill Jusko, Looking for Good News in US Manufacturing? Major Expansion Plans Add Some Sizzle,” Industry Week

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It is safe to say that manufacturers have taken encouragement from news of industry giants in the manufacturing industry announcing the status of their expansion plans. Last month, Industry Week covered several of these changes: Navistar International Corp. broke ground for a plant in San Antonio, TX; Canpack Group, based in Krakow, Poland, will build an aluminum beverage can plant in Pennsylvania; Tesla had already begun its Gigafactory located near Austin, Texas which is set to be operational by the end of 2021; and Nikola Corp. also broke ground on its 1 million-square-foot manufacturing facility in Coolidge, Arizona.

Ribbon Cutting with the Owners: Doug and Jackie Peters, Diana Wilkosz (VP), and Andy Wilkosz (President)
(photo source: Peters’ Heat Treating, Inc.)

In the heat treat world, we’ve seen companies, like Peters’ Heat Treating and Nitrex, celebrating plant expansions, opening new facilities and breaking ground to expand existing ones. Jason Orosz, president of Nitrex Heat Treating Services (HTS), illuminates that there is a backstory to the titillating headlines: “[many] recently announced expansion plans… were being formulated well before COVID-19 hit, and are based on assumptions about future business levels for 2021, 2022, 2023, and so on.” He goes on to recognize that, “for many industries, this year’s contraction will be seen as more of a temporary, but severe, loss of business than a permanent reduction.”

Still, what does this trend of expansion in the automotive industry in North America mean?

Dr. Chris Kuehl
IHEA Correspondent
Managing Director at Armanda Corporate Intelligence

Dr. Chris Kuehl, managing director at Armada Corporate Intelligence and IHEA’s executive economic summaries author, indicates that one must consider existing circumstances before one can understand the transition. For instance, setting up production sites abroad, Kuehl notes, typically has lower production costs, more than simply lower wages. In certain locations, one does not adhere to the same magnitude of regulations and restrictions that are implemented in the U.S. Additionally, access to raw materials is priority, and “setting up shop” closer to those foreign resources has helped to diminish production costs in the past. Lastly, Kuehl points out that thoughtful location of production centers abroad can open up new market opportunities for companies.

Looking at the current rise in production centers in the U.S. may mean three things, says Kuehl. First, the role of technology in capital distribution: “Technology and robotics [have] reduced the importance of cheap labor. The company using machines can worry about other factors. Now, they can think more about transportation costs and access to their market.”

Second, “working overseas is harder now than it was,” Kuehl comments. In  previous years, more countries have engaged in protectionism, and the trade wars of last year did not make life any easier. Now, COVID-19 is just another blow to international supply chains, having “stranded some 40% of global cargo and basically crushed the whole concept of JIT [just-in-time production system].”

Jason Orosz
President
Nitrex Heat Treating Services

This current disruption in the economy cannot be minimized. Orosz states that the current economic climate has impacted how capital is deployed, and can occur in construction being delayed, or perhaps firms holding their cash for any future, COVID-19-related disturbances.

And third: the new trend of “mass customization.” Instead of needing mass quantities of products being made cheaply — which drove the practice of “distance sourcing” — Kuehl highlights that the present “consumer wants infinite variety and specialization,” which, as it were “requires manufacturers be close to that market to understand what is needed and when.”

This trend of bringing supply-chains closer to home is cause for hope, though. “[I] think companies,” comments Orosz, “are optimistic that, going forward, an increasing portion of the supply chain for American multinationals will be U.S.-based vs. what may have been seen over the past few decades. If this trend proves true, it will certainly trickle down into the local industrial heating sector.”

[blockquote author=”Jason Orosz, President of Nitrex Heat Treating Systems” style=”1″]”Over the long term, expansion plans for stable, forward thinking manufacturing companies will proceed mostly unchanged. Of course, there are notable exceptions… but I think situations like that are the exception, not the rule.”[/blockquote]

From left to right : Groundbreaking with Tom Cooper (Vice President of Business Development), Bill Walter (Facility Manager), and Raja Gumber (Senior Account Manager)

Considering present events, Orosz notes that “over the long term, expansion plans for stable, forward thinking manufacturing companies will proceed mostly unchanged. Of course, there are notable exceptions like the passenger aerospace industry whose supply chain will be impacted for a number of years, but I think situations like that are the exception, not the rule.”

“Our expansion in Aurora is on track,” Orosz continues, as an anecdote to his point, “and we expect it to be operational mid-2021. Our main goals are to increase our overall production capacity and install the latest in new technology to ensure that the services we can offer our customers are on the leading edge of what’s possible metallurgically.”

Hope is the often idealized maxim of many societies: “Hope is the thing with feathers,” “we hope in the things unseen,” “our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.” But in times of crisis, how many of us choose to do the hard and essential thing: hope?

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Commercial Heat Treater Expands

Jason Orosz, President of Nitrex Heat Treating Services

A new plant investment aimed at expanding the Aurora, Illinois commercial heat treat facility located just west of Chicago was announced. The production expansion will add a fourth building on the property to house a new low-pressure carburizing (LPC) system and secondary heat-treating equipment.

President of Nitrex Heat Treating Services, Jason Orosz made this announcement earlier in the month. The new ECM vacuum carburizing furnace with oil quench capabilities will help meet growing demand from makers of high-end critical parts within the automotive, aerospace, and tooling industries. The 20-bar dual-chamber furnace has a workload size of 40” L x 24” W x 28” H (1000 x 600 x 715 mm) and a load capacity of 1500 lbs. (680 kg).

Nitrex broke ground for the new building on July 20th, and will connect to an existing structure, Building 3. According to Bill Walter, facility manager of Nitrex Aurora, the construction project will be completed in January 2021, and production on the LPC furnace is expected to begin in April 2021.

From left to right : Groundbreaking with Tom Cooper (Vice President of Business Development), Bill Walter (Facility Manager), and Raja Gumber (Senior Account Manager)

The expansion will increase the production footprint by 11,000 square feet to support current demand as well as future growth. Once this building is completed, the total floor space will be over 50,000 square feet.

 

 

 

Listen here to Jean-François Cloutier, Nitrex CEO, as he explained even more of Nitrex's commitment to end-users and global growth.

 

 

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