jason orosz

Message from the Editor: AI, Where Are You?

Heat Treat Today publishes twelve print magazines a year and included in each is a letter from the editor. This letter is from the October 2025 Ferrous & Nonferrous Heat Treatments/Mill Processing print edition. In today’s letter, Bethany Leone, managing editor at Heat Treat Today, shares her insights on where artificial intelligence stands in the heat treating industry nine months into 2025.


In January 2025, the heat treat industry was envisioning operational improvements thanks to leaps in artificial intelligence (AI) developments. Now, nine months later, are we still searching for AI?

Managed by AI

Daniel Llaguno, President of NUTEC Bickley

For many industry players, AI has started in the office before the furnace. This can look like creating manuals, writing emails, and reading contracts to interpret legal language.

Daniel Llaguno, president of NUTEC Bickley, calls this the early stages of AI adoption. His company has leveraged AI for onboarding and training new employees — a low-risk, high-value application.

Like many suppliers, they are exploring how AI could eventually reshape furnace development, likely on an open-loop system first (versus a closed-loop where AI receives furnace information and immediately sends back direction to the furnace controls on how to respond).

The Furnace Floor

Jason Orosz, President of Global Heat Treating Services

The next step is already visible: integrate AI into existing IIoT platforms that manage floor operations. Platforms that you may already have considered are QMULUS by NITREX, PdMetrics by Ipsen, and Edge Process Management (EPM Data) by Eurotherm, a Watlow company. These are just a sampling of advanced management systems on the marketplace, and ones that are at different stages of incorporating AI and machine learning for process optimization.

QMULUS has already deployed across all North American Heat Treating Services locations, according to Jason Orosz, president of Global Heat Treating Services. He says AI has been useful in “helping with analysis, troubleshooting, and quality control” — themes you will hear repeatedly in early AI applications.

Evolving To Meet Expectations

Michael Mouilleseaux, General Manager of Erie Steel, Ltd

What should AI integration into furnace operations look like? Michael Mouilleseaux, general manager at Erie Steel, has commented that heat treat AI should help the industry shed its “black magic” reputation. He envisions advanced analysis that could, for example, “correlate intergranular oxidation (IGO) results with furnace integrity checks (i.e., leaks), eventually establishing hard limits for allowable leak rates.”

Still, obstacles remain. “I think it’s going to be a while before commercial heat treaters can relinquish furnace control over to an AI,” Orosz added, specifically commenting on maintaining furnace parameters. This makes sense due to the need for commercial heat treaters to conform to client specifications. Rather, he says in-house heat treat operations “are likely going to be the first movers in that area since they can make their own rules.” For readers of this publication — who primarily are coming from these types of operations — that should be an encouragement: you have a key role to innovate.

Lee Rothleutner, Manager of Materials R&D, The Timken Company

One other key factor for this integration to occur within operations comes with acknowledging the heavy digital capacity that AI requires. Lee Rothleutner, manager of Materials R&D at The Timken Company, commented on this very point, writing to me that for high-quality digital data, the heat treat industry needs to commit not just to the investment but to maintaining a robust data collection and storage infrastructure. He also foresees one pathway of AI integration beyond preventative maintenance, noting, “AI applications can extend to process optimization, quality control, and energy efficiency improvements.”

What To Do Now

For successful integration of AI technology, the common denominator is that management teams are being encouraged to constantly try new ways to innovate with AI.

The first thing you need to do is open an email and send me your AI integration story. Just kidding. (Not really.)

After that, you need to read Peter Sherwin‘s article on page 34 of this issue where he discusses a new development in standardization that should accelerate AI’s role in industry.

Finally, if you are attending ASM Heat Treat 2025 this month, bring your AI to the table … literally, if you have a booth. Showcase what you’ve been doing at your location or become a part of the conversation. Lee Rothleutner, quoted above, will be participating in a panel discussion on this very topic in the afternoon of Tuesday, October 21.

The Heat Treat Today booth is #944. Not everyone is accustomed to the rapid pace of tech adoption; we want to help one another understand the risks and potential that AI brings, and your stories are critical. I look forward to talking with you.

References

Glenn, Doug, and Llaguno, Daniel. 2025. Interview by Heat Treat Today. Private recording, February.

Loepke, Mike. 2025. “Digitalization Propels Heat Treating to Industry of the Future.” Heat Treat Today 7 (8).


Bethany Leone
Managing Editor
Heat Treat Today
Contact: Bethany Leone at bethany@heattreattoday.com

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Nitriding vs. FNC

OCHow well do you know hardness processing? Can you draw the line where nitriding and ferritic nitrocarburizing (FNC) differ? In this Technical Tuesday feature, skim this straight forward data that has been assembled from information provided by four heat treat experts: Jason Orosz and Mark Hemsath at NitrexThomas Wingens at WINGENS LLC – International Industry Consultancy, and Dan Herring, The Heat Treat Doctor at The HERRING GROUP, Inc.

Let us know what you think! What is the next comparison you'd like to see? What facts were you surprised by? Email Heat Treat Daily editor Bethany Leone at bethany@heattreattoday.com.

Nitriding Descriptor Ferritic Nitrocarburizing
480º-590C (896º-1094ºF) typical Temperature Range 565º-590ºC (1049ºF-1094ºF) typical
Wrought and powder metallurgy materials including alloy steels (e.g., 4140), stainless steel (e.g., 304L, 420), tool steels (e.g., H11, H13) and special nitriding steels (e.g,, Nitralloy 135M, Nitralloy EZ) are typical examples. Many other steel grades are possible. Materials Commonly Processed Plain and medium carbon steels (e.g., 1015, 1018, 1045), alloy steels (e.g., 4140, 4340) and tool steels (e.g., H11, H13) are typical examples. Many other steels grades are possible.
Wear (as in abrasion resistance), bending, torsional and rolling contact, fatigue resistance, lubricity, and adhesive strength improvements. Materials Commonly Processed: Why to Process Them with These Methods Wear resistance, lubricity, fatigue, and corrosion resistance are primary benefits with improved fatigue strength and adhesive strength possible.
3-48 hours at temperature. May be up to 72 hours. Relative Cycle Times 2-6 hours at temperature.
Pit retort furnaces and front load retort furnaces for gas nitriding, although bell retort furnaces have also been used. Equipment Types Used for the Process Pit retort furnaces and front load retort furnaces for gaseous ferritic nitrocarburizing. Bell retort furnaces have also been used.
Ammonia and nitrogen or ammonia and dissociated ammonia. Atmospheres Used/Required Ammonia and nitrogen and carbon-bearing gas such as CO2, CO, or endothermic gas.
Dies, gears, pump bodies, springs, gun barrels, shafts and pinions, pins, brake rotors and may other types of component parts produced from bar, plate, rod, forgings and castings formed by stampings, machining, rolling, forging, casting, etc. Typical Parts Processed Wear plates, washers, clutch plates, gas pistons, brake pistons, brake rotors, barrels, slides, differential cases and other types of component parts produced from bar, plate, rod, etc., and formed by stampings, rolling, machining, casting, etc.
Automotive, aerospace, oil & gas, industrial machinery (e.g., pumps), and tool & die. Typical Industries Served Automotive and industrial machinery hydraulics.
Cost is often higher for gas nitriding as opposed to other case hardening processes (including FNC) based on the type of component parts run. In many cases, cost is a function of the longer cycle time and/or more labor involved. Relative Cost Per Unit Cost is often lower than many other case hardening processes (including gas nitriding) based on the type(s) of component parts run. In many cases, cost is a function of a shorter cycle time and/or less labor involved.
Basic specifications are easily achieved with good equipment and/or controls; difficulty increases when attempting to produce specialized layer compositions/phases. Ease of Use/Control Basic specifications are easily achieved with good equipment and/or controls; difficulty increases when attempting to produce specialized layer compositions/phases. Hardware/control requirements are more complicated than for nitriding when controlling for carbon potential.
It can range from very simple to medium-high depending on application. Relative Expertise Necessary to Perform Medium-high depending on the application. The user will want to look for clean parts, a good loading system, and PLC controlled cycle.
Aqueous (clean chemistry) including rinse/dry, vapor degreasing (clean chemistry). Cleaning Requirements Aqueous (clean chemistry) including rinse/dry, vapor degreasing (clean chemistry).
White glove Handling Requirements White glove
Pre- and post-oxidation Process Options Pre- and post-oxidation
AMS 2759, AMS 2759/10, (latest revisions) Applicable Specifications AMS 2757, AMS 2759/12, AMS 2759/13 (latest revisions)
Time, temperature, gas flow, nitriding potential (Kn) and/or percent dissociation, hydrogen sensors. Controls Time, temperature, gas flow, nitriding potential (Kn), carbon potential (Kc) and oxygen potential (Ko). Hydrogen sensor and oxygen (carburizing) sensor may be used.
electric and gas-fired equipment Fuel Source electric and gas-fired equipment
Hardness (surface, core), case depth determination (via microhardness – typically core hardness + 50 HV), microstructure (compound and diffusion zone depths), composition, core structure, presence of absence of nitride networking (aka nitride needles), and the presence or absence of cracking or spalling of the case. Testing Required Hardness (surface, core), case depth determination (via microhardness – typically core hardness + 50 HV), microstructure (compound and diffusion zone depths), composition, core structure, porosity (type and depth), and the presence or absence of cracking or spalling of the case.
Warm wall plasma nitriding, as well as advances in controls, sensors, temperature uniformity, and reduced gas volumes. Latest Advances Black oxide, hydrogen sensors, and fast cooling techniques as well as advances in controls, sensors, and temperature uniformity.
(1) simple equipment, (2) can offer beneficial tribological changes part/metal, (3) performed after part machining, (4) little-to-no distortion. Pros (Strengths) (1) fast, cheap, repeatable results, (2) excellent corrosion resistance, especially with (black) oxide, (3) performed after part machining, (4) minimal distortion/almost distortion free
(1) long cycle time, sometimes a multi-day process if deep case is required, (2) effective pre-cleaning required, (3) weldability becomes reduced, (4) ammonia is used, (5) embrittlement with too much white layer. Cons (Weaknesses) (1) Focused on part surface, mainly with inexpensive materials, (2) effective pre-cleaning required, (3) weldability becomes reduced, (4) ammonia is sometimes a concern.

 

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Looking Ahead: Industry Expansion in Uncertain Climate

We see the expansion plans of companies related to the heat treat industry, and we are with you: How? Why? At this time?

Heat Treat Today’s Original Content article seeks to illuminate some of these questions and frame industry expansion in real terms, as well as share reasons to be hopeful for the future. Featured in this article are Industrial Heating Equipment Association (IHEA) Economic Specialist Dr. Chris Kuehl, Managing Director at Armanda Corporate Intelligence, and Jason Orosz, President of Nitrex Heat Treating Services (HTS).


COVID-19 may own the spotlight today, but manufacturing’s tomorrow is getting some big-dollar investments.

– Jill Jusko, Looking for Good News in US Manufacturing? Major Expansion Plans Add Some Sizzle,” Industry Week

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It is safe to say that manufacturers have taken encouragement from news of industry giants in the manufacturing industry announcing the status of their expansion plans. Last month, Industry Week covered several of these changes: Navistar International Corp. broke ground for a plant in San Antonio, TX; Canpack Group, based in Krakow, Poland, will build an aluminum beverage can plant in Pennsylvania; Tesla had already begun its Gigafactory located near Austin, Texas which is set to be operational by the end of 2021; and Nikola Corp. also broke ground on its 1 million-square-foot manufacturing facility in Coolidge, Arizona.

Ribbon Cutting with the Owners: Doug and Jackie Peters, Diana Wilkosz (VP), and Andy Wilkosz (President)
(photo source: Peters’ Heat Treating, Inc.)

In the heat treat world, we’ve seen companies, like Peters’ Heat Treating and Nitrex, celebrating plant expansions, opening new facilities and breaking ground to expand existing ones. Jason Orosz, president of Nitrex Heat Treating Services (HTS), illuminates that there is a backstory to the titillating headlines: “[many] recently announced expansion plans… were being formulated well before COVID-19 hit, and are based on assumptions about future business levels for 2021, 2022, 2023, and so on.” He goes on to recognize that, “for many industries, this year’s contraction will be seen as more of a temporary, but severe, loss of business than a permanent reduction.”

Still, what does this trend of expansion in the automotive industry in North America mean?

Dr. Chris Kuehl
IHEA Correspondent
Managing Director at Armanda Corporate Intelligence

Dr. Chris Kuehl, managing director at Armada Corporate Intelligence and IHEA’s executive economic summaries author, indicates that one must consider existing circumstances before one can understand the transition. For instance, setting up production sites abroad, Kuehl notes, typically has lower production costs, more than simply lower wages. In certain locations, one does not adhere to the same magnitude of regulations and restrictions that are implemented in the U.S. Additionally, access to raw materials is priority, and “setting up shop” closer to those foreign resources has helped to diminish production costs in the past. Lastly, Kuehl points out that thoughtful location of production centers abroad can open up new market opportunities for companies.

Looking at the current rise in production centers in the U.S. may mean three things, says Kuehl. First, the role of technology in capital distribution: “Technology and robotics [have] reduced the importance of cheap labor. The company using machines can worry about other factors. Now, they can think more about transportation costs and access to their market.”

Second, “working overseas is harder now than it was,” Kuehl comments. In  previous years, more countries have engaged in protectionism, and the trade wars of last year did not make life any easier. Now, COVID-19 is just another blow to international supply chains, having “stranded some 40% of global cargo and basically crushed the whole concept of JIT [just-in-time production system].”

Jason Orosz
President
Nitrex Heat Treating Services

This current disruption in the economy cannot be minimized. Orosz states that the current economic climate has impacted how capital is deployed, and can occur in construction being delayed, or perhaps firms holding their cash for any future, COVID-19-related disturbances.

And third: the new trend of “mass customization.” Instead of needing mass quantities of products being made cheaply — which drove the practice of “distance sourcing” — Kuehl highlights that the present “consumer wants infinite variety and specialization,” which, as it were “requires manufacturers be close to that market to understand what is needed and when.”

This trend of bringing supply-chains closer to home is cause for hope, though. “[I] think companies,” comments Orosz, “are optimistic that, going forward, an increasing portion of the supply chain for American multinationals will be U.S.-based vs. what may have been seen over the past few decades. If this trend proves true, it will certainly trickle down into the local industrial heating sector.”

[blockquote author=”Jason Orosz, President of Nitrex Heat Treating Systems” style=”1″]”Over the long term, expansion plans for stable, forward thinking manufacturing companies will proceed mostly unchanged. Of course, there are notable exceptions… but I think situations like that are the exception, not the rule.”[/blockquote]

From left to right : Groundbreaking with Tom Cooper (Vice President of Business Development), Bill Walter (Facility Manager), and Raja Gumber (Senior Account Manager)

Considering present events, Orosz notes that “over the long term, expansion plans for stable, forward thinking manufacturing companies will proceed mostly unchanged. Of course, there are notable exceptions like the passenger aerospace industry whose supply chain will be impacted for a number of years, but I think situations like that are the exception, not the rule.”

“Our expansion in Aurora is on track,” Orosz continues, as an anecdote to his point, “and we expect it to be operational mid-2021. Our main goals are to increase our overall production capacity and install the latest in new technology to ensure that the services we can offer our customers are on the leading edge of what’s possible metallurgically.”

Hope is the often idealized maxim of many societies: “Hope is the thing with feathers,” “we hope in the things unseen,” “our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.” But in times of crisis, how many of us choose to do the hard and essential thing: hope?

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Commercial Heat Treater Expands

Jason Orosz, President of Nitrex Heat Treating Services

A new plant investment aimed at expanding the Aurora, Illinois commercial heat treat facility located just west of Chicago was announced. The production expansion will add a fourth building on the property to house a new low-pressure carburizing (LPC) system and secondary heat-treating equipment.

President of Nitrex Heat Treating Services, Jason Orosz made this announcement earlier in the month. The new ECM vacuum carburizing furnace with oil quench capabilities will help meet growing demand from makers of high-end critical parts within the automotive, aerospace, and tooling industries. The 20-bar dual-chamber furnace has a workload size of 40” L x 24” W x 28” H (1000 x 600 x 715 mm) and a load capacity of 1500 lbs. (680 kg).

Nitrex broke ground for the new building on July 20th, and will connect to an existing structure, Building 3. According to Bill Walter, facility manager of Nitrex Aurora, the construction project will be completed in January 2021, and production on the LPC furnace is expected to begin in April 2021.

From left to right : Groundbreaking with Tom Cooper (Vice President of Business Development), Bill Walter (Facility Manager), and Raja Gumber (Senior Account Manager)

The expansion will increase the production footprint by 11,000 square feet to support current demand as well as future growth. Once this building is completed, the total floor space will be over 50,000 square feet.

 

 

 

Listen here to Jean-François Cloutier, Nitrex CEO, as he explained even more of Nitrex's commitment to end-users and global growth.

 

 

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