Paulo

Customize To Build Better Furnaces

/ AEROSPACE HEAT TREAT TECHNICAL CONTENT, AUTOMOTIVE HEAT TREAT TECHNICAL CONTENT, VACUUM FURNACES TECHNICAL CONTENT

Custom furnace design isn’t just about performance upgrades — it’s about process reliability. Vacuum furnaces built for general use, however, often fall short in high-precision industries. This Technical Tuesday installment comes to us from Scott Herzing, vice president of Engineering at Paulo. Explore how purposeful furnace design, smarter controls, and targeted customization can transform vacuum heat treatment.

This informative piece was first released in Heat Treat Today’s November 2025 Annual Vacuum Heat Treating print edition.

The reliability and consistency of vacuum heat treatment processes depend heavily on furnace design and performance. Standard furnace configurations typically serve general heat treating applications adequately. However, for industries with extremely demanding requirements, such as aerospace, automotive, and power generation, small variations in furnace design can lead to substantial impacts on part quality, increasing risks and costs. Achieving exceptional process control and repeatability often requires custom furnace modifications tailored specifically to the unique requirements of each process.

Extensive customization of vacuum furnaces can initially seem costly and complex. It takes experience operating and refining vacuum furnaces to know which adjustments deliver the greatest impact. This article taps into the more than fifty years of heat treating wisdom from Paulo with six key factors that drive better furnace performance, enhance reliability, reduce downtime, and create measurable efficiency gains.

Why Customization Matters

Conventional vacuum furnace models offered by manufacturers are generally designed to meet broad market demands. This often results in equipment that effectively balances functionality, affordability, and ease of use for a wide range of applications. However, certain high-precision thermal processing applications, especially those involving aerospace components like single-crystal turbine blades demand much stricter temperature uniformity, controlled quenching rates, and near-perfect repeatability from cycle to cycle.

In these cases, standard configurations can introduce variability that compromises quality. A better path is a case-by-case approach, evaluating specific process risks and targets critical components for modification. Precision upgrades can be integrated where they have the greatest impact, achieving the required level of process control. This makes it possible to achieve near-zero scrap rates, dramatically boost reliability, and achieve repeatability that far exceeds industry norms.

Interior of vacuum furnace

Advanced Pressure and Cooling Control

Repeatable quench dynamics is a game-changer when it comes to part quality. Integrating advanced gas control capabilities that extend beyond basic pressure management can help you improve heat treating results. To do this, you need to precisely control the rate at which gas is introduced into the vessel using proportioning valves, not just the pressure setpoint. For controlled cooling cycles, systems also need to manage the fan start speed, allowing you to tailor the convective heat transfer to the geometry and mass of each part. This level of precision ensures consistent metallurgical results and protects part integrity.

Automation-Ready Resilience

In multi-furnace environments that rely on automation and minimal staffing, power-failure restart behavior cannot be left to chance. Adding dedicated PLC logic for restart allows the system to record the exact state at interruption, verify safe conditions on recovery (atmosphere, temperature, motion, interlocks), and automatically sequence a safe restart when criteria are met. This reduces scrap risk, protects equipment, and stabilizes throughput, especially when only a few operators are covering many furnaces.

Hot Zone Design and Material Selection

A major component directly influencing furnace reliability and overall performance is the hot zone. As the central area where thermal processing occurs, the hot zone repeatedly experiences extreme temperature fluctuations, making its design crucial to operational efficiency and product quality.

Standard vacuum furnaces use thinner insulation layers and lower-cost materials to control initial investment costs. However, advanced hot zones can dramatically outperform these standards by incorporating thicker insulation layers, strategically placed air gaps, and specialized insulation materials, such as high-quality molybdenum, graphite felt, or carbon-fiber-carbon (CFC) boards.

Vacuum furnace hot zone

These advanced materials not only prolong hot zone life but also substantially reduce heat loss, minimizing energy consumption and improving thermal uniformity. The enhanced durability also results in fewer service interruptions, less downtime, and lower long-term maintenance costs, ultimately justifying the higher initial investment. At Paulo, this is how we’re able to reliably run around 29,000 cycles per year in over thirty furnaces at our Cleveland facility.

Additionally, the hot zone’s construction details, including how insulation and heating elements are attached, can significantly affect longevity and reliability. Standard fasteners or attachment mechanisms may perform well in general applications but frequently deteriorate under high-stress thermal cycling. High-performance fasteners specifically engineered for high-temperature stability reduce the risk of premature failure and minimize downtime.

Enhanced Sensor Integration

Furnace reliability and consistency rely heavily on the accuracy, quantity, and strategic placement of sensors within the furnace chamber. Manufacturers’ vacuum furnace designs typically include a limited number of sensors monitoring basic parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and vacuum levels. Increasing the number and distribution of sensors throughout the furnace interior allows for a more detailed and accurate understanding of conditions during processing. By placing multiple sensors at critical points within the hot zone and throughout key furnace components, operators can detect subtle differences in temperature distribution, heat flow, gas pressures, and quench rates that might otherwise go unnoticed. This enhanced sensor density provides the detailed data necessary for real-time process adjustments, early detection of equipment issues, and predictive maintenance interventions, significantly improving process reliability and part consistency.

In addition, the rich data captured by a denser sensor network improves traceability and enables rapid identification of root causes when process deviations occur, ultimately reducing the risk of quality issues and equipment downtime.

Centralizing Your Control System

One often-overlooked factor in achieving highly consistent heat treating results is the adaptability and responsiveness of furnace control systems. Modern furnace control architectures benefit from a centralized SCADA layer with deep PLC integration. By recording every PLC input (thermocouples, switches, interlocks, drives, flows, pressures), the system enables technicians to diagnose issues without walking out to the furnace and manually testing components. With complete signal histories available, furnace issues can often be diagnosed and resolved remotely in minutes, improving first-pass resolution and minimizing production disruption.

Integrated control software should do more than log data; it should actively protect quality:

  • Automated compliance control: Continuously track process parameters, alarm on deviations, and initiate quality quarantines when limits are exceeded to prevent suspect parts from re-entering the supply chain.
  • Element-health monitoring: Monitor heating-element resistance to detect early signs of a heating system issue. If an anomaly is detected, automatically stop the heating process to protect parts and prevent secondary furnace damage.

These safeguards shift intervention upstream and reduce reliance on manual inspection alone.

Extending Auxiliary Equipment Life with VFDs

Variable-frequency drives (VFDs) on pumping systems can substantially extend motor and bearing life by matching speed to process demand and reducing mechanical stress. When control logic conditions are met, slowing pumps lowers load, heat, and vibration, which are key contributors to premature failures.

  • Without VFDs: Bearings on 615 blowers typically require replacement every 1–2 years, and motor failures occur more frequently than acceptable.
  • With VFDs + logic-based speed reduction: Bearing-change intervals extend to 10–20 years, with no motor problems, reflecting a step-change in reliability and lifecycle cost.

This targeted upgrade is a practical, high-ROI improvement that also helps decrease unplanned downtime.

Practical Realities and Final Considerations

Extensive furnace customization offers clear advantages, but it is not always practical for every operation or budget. In many cases, targeted, incremental upgrades — such as refining hot-zone insulation and attachment methods, adding or repositioning select sensors, or phasing in improved control software and deeper data storage/analysis — deliver measurable gains in reliability and process quality without large upfront costs.

Another practical path is to partner with a commercial heat treater that has already engineered and validated these enhancements at an industrial scale. This option can accelerate access to higher levels of precision and repeatability without requiring capital investment, engineering bandwidth, and learning curve of doing it all in-house.

Ultimately, achieving reliable and repeatable heat treatment results involves careful consideration of furnace design and functionality, aligned closely with your process requirements and economic realities. While extensively customized furnaces represent the ideal for particularly demanding applications, understanding the targeted areas where smaller customizations can yield significant improvements empowers heat treaters across the industry.

About The Author:

Scott Herzing
Vice President of Engineering
Paulo

Scott Herzing is vice president of Engineering at Paulo. He leads the company’s metallurgical, project and automation engineering, fabrication, and lean technology groups. With over 27 years at Paulo, Scott applies his passion for leadership, engineering, and problem-solving to help customers achieve advanced heat treating outcomes.

For more information: Contact Scott Herzing at sherzing@paulo.com.

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5 Heat Treating Pitfalls — And How To Avoid Them

/ BULK GASES & SYSTEMS TECHNICAL CONTENT, Manufacturing Heat Treat Technical Content, STRESS RELIEVING TECHNICAL CONTENT, TEMPERING TECHNICAL CONTENT

Have you faced complications from inadequate quenching, tempering, or documentation? You’re not alone. Small oversights can compromise part quality and performance. In this Technical Tuesday installment Ryan Van Dyke, metallurgical engineering manager at Paulo, addresses the top five pitfalls that in-house heat treating operations encounter and when to find another solution.

This informative piece was first released in Heat Treat Today’s July 2025, Heat Treat Super Brands print edition.

When dealing with high-volume production, running an in-house heat treating operation may seem like it makes financial and logistical sense. The ability to immediately process large batches of the same parts, minimize handling time, and tightly integrate heat treatment into the manufacturing workflow can provide critical advantages over outsourcing.  

Industries involving high-volume machining of parts (e.g., automotive fasteners and bearings) rely on heat treating in-house to maintain efficiency and cost control. When parts are produced in the millions, outsourcing heat treating risks working with an inadequate supplier, introducing unacceptable lead time delays, transportation risks, and logistical complexities that do not align with high-throughput manufacturing.  

Gas nitriding furnace at Paulo

Conversely, in-house heat treat operations often lack the flexibility, specialized equipment, and process control systems that commercial heat treaters develop over years of refining best practices. I have worked with countless manufacturers with in-house heat treat who have faced challenges they were unable to solve internally — from unpredictable distortion to process inconsistency, failed audits, and more. When they turn to a commercial heat treater for help, we often find the same core issues at play.  

While commercial heat treating is not always the best fit for high-volume operations, there are real risks if you choose to run heat treating in-house. Here are the five most common pitfalls I’ve seen.  

Pitfall #1: Inconsistent Mechanical Properties 

Understanding the Problem 

Gas flow gauges for heat treating furnace

Heat treating sets the foundation for a part’s hardness, toughness, and overall performance. This is done by the controlled heating and cooling of materials in a special atmosphere and then locking in the desired microstructure.  

One major challenge that impacts consistency in parts is furnace temperature uniformity. Older or improperly calibrated furnaces can create hot and cold spots, leading to localized variations in hardness and mechanical properties within the same batch. This is a common challenge in-house heat treaters face. To avoid hot spots, heat treaters must go beyond just considering equipment age — they should implement robust preventative maintenance programs and routinely calibrate furnaces to ensure consistent thermal performance across all zones. 

Real-World Consequences 

  • Distortion issues from non-uniform heating: Variations in temperature cause inconsistent thermal profiles, leading to unpredictable warping and dimensional instability. For example, a die used for stamping operations requires excessive rework after heat treatment because some areas of the part distorted unevenly due to poor furnace temperature uniformity. 
  • Inconsistent hardness in a load: Hot and cold spots in austenitizing and tempering furnaces can cause parts in some areas to have a different final hardness than others. For example, a load of larger diameter structural bolts was tempered in a furnace with poor uniformity. Bolts located in a hot spot in one corner of the furnace showed below specification mid-radius hardness due to over-tempering. 

Pitfall #2: Surface Contamination from Incorrect Gas Atmosphere Control 

Understanding the Problem 

Many manufacturers with in-house heat treating operations use gas atmospheres to control oxidation and facilitate processes like carburizing and nitriding. However, if the gas atmosphere is not properly monitored, it can lead to oxidation, decarburization, or uncontrolled case hardening. 

Heat treaters often rely on Endothermic gas generators that produce a carbon-rich atmosphere. Without precise control of carbon potential, parts may develop non-uniform case depths, excessive soot buildup, or — the opposite extreme — decarburization, in which the surface loses carbon and thus its strength and hardness. Therefore, it’s imperative to monitor and adjust atmosphere parameters in real time using carbon probes to maintain precise control of carbon potential. 

Real-World Consequences 

  • Decarburization leading to soft surfaces: If the furnace atmosphere lacks sufficient carbon potential, the steel loses carbon at the surface, reducing hardness and durability. For example, aerospace landing gear components could be rejected if surface hardness tests show excessive decarburization, making them unsuitable for service. 
  • Scaling and oxidation issues: Excess oxygen in the furnace leads to surface oxidation, requiring costly post-processing like machining or pickling. For example, stainless steel medical implants can develop scale during heat treatment, requiring extensive rework to restore a clean finish. 
  • Uneven carburizing creating case depth variations: Fluctuations in furnace gas composition lead to inconsistent carbon diffusion, making case depth unpredictable. For example, a batch of industrial gears can fail inspection because some parts have insu cient case depth while others are over-cased, leading to production delays. 

Pitfall #3: Suboptimal Quenching Causing Distortion & Residual Stresses 

Understanding the Problem 

Quenching is one of the most stress-inducing steps in heat treatment. Rapid cooling causes phase transformations and volume changes within the steel, leading to internal stresses and distortion.  

Manufacturers with in-house heat treaters often struggle with choosing the right quench medium, optimizing agitation rates, and positioning parts correctly during quenching. Additionally, many only have access to one quench medium, such as oil, and will attempt to apply it to all materials and geometries — even when a slower or faster quench rate is required. This mismatch can cause excessive distortion, high residual stresses, and even quench cracking. 

Another issue is poor part orientation during quenching. If a part is improperly positioned, different areas will cool at different rates, creating non-uniform hardness and residual stress buildup, which can later cause warping or failure in service. 

Real-World Consequences 

  • Incorrect quenchant selection: If the wrong quench medium is used, such as oil when polymer or water would be more suitable, the parts could end up having inconsistent hardness in various sections due to insufficient cooling. Conversely, selecting a fast oil as a quenchant when hot oil would be more suitable could cause excessive distortion due to the faster cooling rate. For example, lifting shackles quenched in oil will not have sufficient hardening response throughout the cross-section, causing them to be rejected for service due to low strength values in the center of the part. 
  • Insufficient quenchant agitation: If the quenchant in the quench tank is not sufficiently agitated when the parts are submerged, then cooling rates throughout the load of parts could vary, causing different amounts of hardening. For example, parts near the edges of a batch load show hardness testing within specification, while parts in the center of the load show hardness below specification. 
  • Incorrect positioning of parts: How a part is oriented during quenching can have a large impact on the amount of distortion after heat treatment. If a part is laid horizontally rather than vertically, the amount of distortion can dramatically increase. For example, if a hollow cylinder was laid horizontally for processing, rather than vertically, the cylinder would likely be at risk of material creep during austenization, as well as deformation from the bottom of the part quenching before the top. The result would be distortion in the inner diameter and along the length in excess of the amount of additional material le for machining, causing the part to become scrap. 

Pitfall #4: Brittle Failures from Inadequate Tempering 

Understanding the Problem 

Tempering is a critical post-quench process that reduces residual stresses and brittleness while fine-tuning hardness and toughness. After quenching, steel is in a highly stressed martensitic state, which, if left untreated, can lead to catastrophic failures in service. 

If heat treaters are working under tight production schedules or have an incomplete understanding of tempering curves for different steels, then they may fall into the trap of rushing or even omitting tempering cycles. For some in-house heat treat operations, a single tempering cycle may be employed when a double temper is required, particularly for high-alloy steels like D2, H13, or certain aerospace-grade alloys. 

Real-World Consequences 

  • Brittle fracture under load: If a part is left untempered or under-tempered, the high internal stresses from quenching remain, making it prone to sudden brittle fracture when subjected to impact or fatigue loading. For example, an induction-hardened gear used in heavy machinery can snap under torque loading due to excessive quench-induced stresses. It is very common to skip tempering on induction-hardened parts, especially in in-house heat treat operations where cycle times are minimized as much as possible. 
  • Reduced wear resistance due to over-tempering: If a steel is over-tempered (held at too high a temperature or for too long), excessive softening can occur, reducing wear resistance and surface hardness. For example, a die used in stamping operations can wear prematurely because it was tempered above its recommended range, leading to a loss of edge retention. 
  • Excessive retained austenite leading to dimensional instability: Some steels, particularly high-carbon and high-alloy grades, require a secondary tempering cycle to stabilize the microstructure. Skipping this can leave excessive retained austenite, which converts to untempered martensite over time, causing unexpected distortion or possibly cracks forming in the material in service. For example, a precision-ground shaft can warp and develop cracks weeks after heat treatment because retained austenite transforms to untempered martensite in service, altering the part’s geometry and encouraging fractures to form. 

Pitfall #5: Lack of Process Documentation & Repeatability Issues 

Understanding the Problem 

Heat treating is a process-sensitive operation where small variations can lead to major differences in final part properties. If a heat treat operation does not have detailed documentation and tracking systems, this will lead to inconsistencies in cycle parameters, atmosphere control, and quenching conditions. 

One of the most common issues is manual adjustments without proper record-keeping, which can lead to process drift. Operators may tweak furnace temperatures, quench delays, or gas flow rates without logging the changes, creating batch-to-batch variability. 

Automotive Gear

Additionally, compliance and traceability may present a challenge for manufacturers facing ISO, Nadcap, or AS9100 audits. When an auditor asks for process records, lacking verifiable data is a red flag for non-compliance. 

Real-World Consequences 

  • Batch-to-batch variability: When process parameters are not documented or followed precisely, parts in one batch may have different hardness, case depth, or dimensional stability than parts in the next batch — leading to field failures or quality escapes. For example, a manufacturer of automotive control arms may and that some components fail impact testing while others pass, leading to a full production hold to investigate process inconsistencies. 
  • Failed audits and compliance issues: Without traceable process documentation, heat treat operations can fail compliance audits, especially for industries with strict quality requirements. For example, an aerospace supplier could lose Nadcap certification because they cannot provide accurate records of furnace temperature control, atmosphere composition, and quench parameters for critical landing gear components. 
  • Difficulty troubleshooting heat treat issues: When a batch of parts fails post-heat treatment inspection, the root cause can be nearly impossible to determine if there are no detailed process records. For example, a fastener manufacturer might experience high rejection rates due to inconsistent case depths, but if the atmosphere carbon potential wasn’t recorded, they will not be able to pinpoint whether it was a gas mix issue, furnace drift, or soak time variance. 
  • Expensive scrap and rework costs: A lack of process repeatability leads to high scrap rates and expensive rework to bring parts back into spec. For example, a tooling manufacturer might have to scrap an entire run of die components after discovering that an unrecorded furnace temperature deviation softened the steel below acceptable hardness levels. 
  • Lack of lot traceability: When a heat treatment problem does occur, being able to trace it back to exactly which piece of equipment it ran in and when is critical for determining root cause. For example, many automotive seating brackets exhibit low hardness after heat treatment. However, if lot traceability to the furnace cycle was not maintained, root cause of factors like incorrect furnace temperature, inadequate carbon control, or insufficient quench agitation are much more difficult to identify. 

When To Call a Commercial Heat Treater 

If limited resources and/or lack of specialized expertise are in question, these five pitfalls can easily occur. Even the most well-run in-house heat treat operations must balance production efficiency, heat treat quality, and high-volume demands; additionally, it can be challenging to regularly invest in the most advanced equipment, process monitoring, or specialized personnel. 

There are commercial heat treaters that have built their entire business around controlling these variables with precision. These heat treaters have invested decades into refining their heat treating processes, equipment, and metallurgical expertise to eliminate these issues before they ever become problems.  

If these five pitfalls are ones your operations cannot easily avoid, consider a partnership with the right commercial heat treater to maintain parts with extreme precision, low distortion, and strict compliance specifications.

About The Author:

Ryan Van Dyke
Manager of Metallurgical Engineering
Paulo

Ryan Van Dyke is the manager of metallurgical engineering at Paulo, where he works closely with customers to solve challenging thermal processing issues. He’s dedicated to pushing the limits of heat treating performance, continuously innovating more efficient, reliable ways to process critical parts. Ryan was an honoree in Heat Treat Today’s 40 Under 40 Class of 2023. 

For more information: Contact Ryan Van Dyke at RVanDyke@paulo.com. 

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16 News Chatter To Keep You Current

/ HEAT TREAT NEWS

Heat Treat Today offers News Chatter, a feature highlighting representative moves, transactions, and kudos from around the industry. Enjoy these 17 news items.

Equipment

  1. Pomini Tenova, which manufactures advanced roll shop equipment, recently signed two contracts for fully automatic roll shop equipment with Baowu of China. The first contract includes a set of four automatic CNC roll grinders with two automatic inspection stations, to be installed at a plant where two new cold rolling mills for silicon steel will be in operation. The second contract includes two automatic CNC roll grinders and an automatic inspection station, equipped with an automatic roll loading system, which will be installed in the roll shop of a new cold rolling mill for silicon steel production.
  2. Nucor Steel has commissioned SMS group for the modernization and expansion of its Steckel mill at its site in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The existing Steckel mill will be converted into a tandem Steckel mill, designed to produce high-strength thin strip as well as to boost capacity. 
  3. A global car window manufacturer’s European branch has purchased two SECO/WARWICK technological lines for two of the company’s locations. The order includes RHLE units for bending car windows.
  4. Jiangsu Dongpu Fine Ceramics Technology Co., Ltd., has installed a hot isostatic press (HIP) from Quintus Technologies. The HIP model operates company’s production line for Si3Ni4 bearing balls in its manufacturing facility in Lianyungang, China.
Zhang Qing, chairman of OBEI, the Industrial Products Purchasing Company of Baowu, and Paolo Gaboardi, executive vice president of Pomini Tenova
Steckel mill commissioned by Nucor and delivered by SMS group
Quintus HIP line for Jiangsu Dongpu Fine Ceramics Technology Co., Ltd

Company & Personnel

  1. Inductotherm Group has appointed Mick Nallen and Satyen Prabhu as co‐leaders, a transition which became effective July 1, 2024, when Gary Doyon stepped down from his role as CEO. Mick and Satyen have a combined experience at the company of nearly 70 years.
  2. Vincent Lelong of ECM USA presented on low pressure carburizing with vacuum furnace technology at Purdue University’s School of Materials Engineering undergraduate seminar. This seminar regularly features industry speakers, some of whom are members of the Purdue Heat Treating Consortium.
  3. The direct reduction plant at Nucor Steel Louisiana achieved a world production record of 330.3 tons per hour of high-quality cold direct reduced iron (CDRI), yielding an outstanding 7,928 tons per day (tpd). A high-quality direct reduced iron (DRI) output with 95% metallization (%M) and a carbon content of 3.3% (%C) was measured. The ENERGIRON technology was jointly developed by Tenova and Danieli.
  4. Jabil Inc, which designs and manufactures supply chain solutions, announced its acquisition of Mikros Technologies LLC, which engineers and manufactures liquid cooling solutions for thermal management.
  5. Aerospace Testing & Pyrometry, Inc., (ATP) recently opened its Pacific Northwest office in Seattle, Washington. With this new facility, the company will now have a footprint in all four corners of the United States.
Satyen Prabhu
Co-Leader
Inductotherm Group
Mick Nallen
Co-Leader
Inductotherm Group
Vincent Lelong of ECM USA presents seminar for Purdue Heat Treating Consortium
Nucor achieves a World Production Record with ENERGIRON, developed by Tenova and Danieli
Mikros Technologies facility
Andrew Bassett, President; John Hollman, Regional Manager, and Edwin Rosales, Pacific Northwest Manager
Aerospace Testing & Pyrometry, Inc.

Kudos

  1. Solar Atmospheres‘ Greenville, SC, facility recently announced it has been awarded Parker Aerospace approval. Its five facilities are now able to assist clients with Parker Aerospace thermal processing requirements.
  2. Furnace manufacturer Grieve Corporation has reached its 75th year in business. Begun in 1949 as a small job shop in Chicago, the company now occupies a 100,000 square foot facility in Round Lake, Illinois
  3. StandardAero, an independent provider of engine maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services, recently celebrated the tenth anniversary of its Singapore facility, a Pratt & Whitney Canada Designated Overhaul Facility (DOF) for the PW150A turboprop engine. This anniversary coincides with the company’s redelivery of its 500th PW150A engine, which powers the popular Bombardier Dash 8-400 regional turboprop. 
  4. Paulo’s Cleveland Division was recently awarded approval from GE Aviation for hot isostatic pressing, specifically GT193 Process Code FF.
  5. C3 Data has achieved SOC 2 Compliance, which ensures stringent standards for handling sensitive data.
  6. Tennessee Society of Association Executives recently honored Tom Morrison of the Metal Treating Institute (MTI) with the Industry Marketing Award for its Jobs of Tomorrow Workforce Development Program.
  7. Solar Atmospheres of Western Pennsylvania announced that it has been awarded Pratt & Whitney‘s PWA 11, “Heat Treatments” approval. The facility is now certified to perform heat treatments for P&W’s Suffix 17, “Precipitation Harden,” and Suffix 22, “Austenitize, Quench, and Temper.”
Grieve Corporation Board of Directors
Left to right: Frank Calabrese, vice president; Tony Caringella, president; Doug Grieve, chairman of the board
Left to right: Jamie Flynn, Executive Director of Tennessee Society of Association Executives, and Tom Morrison, CEO of Metal Treating Institute (MTI)

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16 News Chatter To Keep You Current Read More »

18 News Chatter To Keep You Current

/ HEAT TREAT NEWS, HEAT TREAT NEWS INDUSTRIES, MANUFACTURING HEAT TREAT NEWS

Heat Treat Today offers News Chatter, a feature highlighting representative moves, transactions, and kudos from around the industry. Enjoy these 18 news items.

Equipment

  • A Canadian automotive components manufacturer recently expanded its operations with an electrically heated small batch oven to be used for curing arts. The small batch oven was manufactured by Wisconsin Oven, designed to utilize combination airflow to maximum heating rates of 650°F and temperature uniformity.
  • With the successful conversion to a four-stand finishing mill, Henan Yirui New Materials Technology Co, Ltd, officially began production. SMS Group converted an existing hot rolling mill into a tandem finishing mill by adding three new finishing mill stands, developed for refurbishing and integrating components.
  • KALLER, a manufacturer of gas springs and gas hydraulic systems based in Sweden, recently launched its fully automated line of hardening furnaces for surface coatings on gas springs. The hardening systems were supplied by Ipsen International.
Electrically heated small batch oven to be used for curing arts at Canadian automotive components manufacturer.
Source: Wisconsin Oven
Fully automated line of hardening furnaces installed at Kaller
Source: LinkedIn
FAC Signing Ceremony
L-R: Rüdiger Roger Wiechmann, Project Manager at SMS group, with Zheng Guoqiang, Project Manager at Henan Mingtai Aluminium).
Source: SMS Group

Company & Personnel

  • Steve Fuller has joined the team at Nitrex HTS as the new plant general manager at their Michigan location. He brings 45 years of experience in commercial heat treating, machine tool manufacturing, fabrication, quality management, and more.
  • Bobby Boom, Tim Litchauer, and Wade Sholmire, have been added to the Superheat team as business development managers. Wade is the new National BDM, Tim will oversee the Greater Houston Area, and Bobby will manage the Southeast Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas regions.
  • Chris Martin has been promoted to regional sales manager for the Southeast by Ipsen. Chris will be responsible for leading a team of seven that includes six field service engineers and one service administrator.
  • Adam Woelber has been promoted to manager of aftermarket parts and service at AFC-Holcroft.
  • Ethan Castle has been appointed the St. Louis plant manager for Paulo Heat Treating, Brazing, and Metal Finishing, recognized for his leadership, technical capability, and mentoring role, in addition to representing the company within the North American Diecasting Association and National Tooling and Machining Association. Ethan has also been named to Heat Treat Today‘s 40 Under 40 Class of 2024.
  • Gary Doyon has stepped down from his role as CEO of Inductotherm Group, after 15 years in the position and 38 years with the company. Mick Nallen and Satyen Prabhu have taken as co‐leaders at the company, which provides thermal processing technologies. Mr. Doyon will remain actively involved with the company, assisting with specific operational needs of other businesses owned by the Rowan family and pursuing new business avenues and opportunities for the Inductotherm Group.
  • Ipsen USA has launched its Field Service Engineer Academy, designed to be a 20-week in-depth program with classroom training and experience in the field with veteran service technicians. Darci Johnson, program and transformation manager at the company, is leading the implementation of the FSE Academy. Content will focus on the fundamentals of vacuum furnace repair.
  • Industrial furnace equipment manufacturer Gasbarre welcomed Dan Hill as product development manager; he will be based at the company’s Livonia, Michigan, facility. A licensed professional engineer, Dan brings a diverse background in capital equipment, spanning material handling, control systems, boilers and furnaces, combustion systems, and industrial washing/deburring equipment.
  • The U.S. Navy recently selected StandardAero to serve as its engine depot-level repair prime contractor to perform Rolls-Royce T56-A-427A engine MRO services, supporting the Navy’s fleet of E-2D Advanced Hawkeye aircraft. The aerospace aftermarket service supplier has also announced that Turkish and European Boeing 737 Operator Corendon Airlines has extended its contract for the support of CFM LEAP-18 engines.
  • Ipsen USA recently announced the formal launch of its Service HUB model, marking a significant shift in how the company delivers customer service and support across the United States. The program has been under the direction of Geoffrey Somary, the company’s global CEO. Currently being led by John Dykstra, chief service officer, the HUBs now provide services across a large portion of the Midwest and Southeastern United States. Lu Chouraki, manager of business development, is leading the implementation of the HUBs.
Steve Fuller
Plant General Manager
Nitrex HTS
Source: Nitrex
Wade Sholmire
National Business Development Manager
Superheat
Source: Superheat
Tim Litchauer
Business Development Manager for the Greater Houston Area
Superheat
Source: Superheat
Bobby Boom
Business Development Manager for Southeast Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas
Superheat
Source: Superheat

Chris Martin
Regional Service Manager for the Southeast
Ipsen
Source: Ipsen
Adam Woelber
Manager of Aftermarket Parts and Service
AFC-Holcroft
Source: AFC-Holcroft
Ethan Castle
St Louis Plant Manager

Source: Paulo
Gary Doyon
Retiring CEO
Inductotherm Group
Source: Inductotherm Group
The launch of Ipsen USA’s Field Service Engineer Academy
Source: Ipsen USA
Dan Hill
Product Development Manager
Gasbarre
Source: Gasbarre

Kudos

  • James Wellborn, gas nitride manager at Advanced Heat Treat Corp, celebrates 25 years with the company.
  • Patricia Miller, director of technical services at Uddeholm, has been named the Technical Committee Member of the Year by North American Die Casting Association (NADCA).
  • Denise Blaubach, who is known as the resident flow meter assembly expert at UPC-Marathon in Wisconsin, recently celebrated 35 years with the company.
  • Constellium today announced it has achieved Aluminum Stewardship Initiative (ASI) Performance Standard Certification for all its operations, and for its corporate office in Paris.
  • Sinosteel E&T and Tenova have successfully completed the performance test for the ENERGIRON DRI Plant at the Baosteel Zhanjiang site in China. The sustainable hydrogen-based 1,000,000 tonnes/year ENERGIRON Direct Reduction (DR) plant demonstrated the nominal production of DRI, reducing carbon dioxide emissions and marking a significant step in the green steel industry. 
James Wellborn
Gas Nitride Manager
Advanced Heat Treat Corp
Source: Advanced Heat Treat Corporation
Patricia Miller
Director of Technical Services
Uddeholm
Source: Uddeholm
Denise Blaubach celebrates 35 years at UPC-Marathon
Source: UPC-Marathon
ENERGIRON DRI Plant at the Baosteel Zhanjiang site in China where Sinosteel E&T and Tenova complete performance test
Source: Tenova

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18 News Chatter To Keep You Current Read More »

Thermal Processing for Space and Additive Manufacturing

/ AEROSPACE HEAT TREAT, AEROSPACE HEAT TREAT TECHNICAL CONTENT, FEATURED NEWS, HIPING TECHNICAL CONTENT, SINTERING POWDER/METAL TECHNICAL CONTENT

The race to space is in full swing with public and private sector companies staking their claim in this new frontier. And breakthroughs in technology and materials offer the potential to propel humanity to unprecedented distances. Success hinges not only on the ability to discover novel solutions but also on the capacity to prepare those solutions for efficient, large-scale production.

This Technical Tuesday article by Noel Brady of Paulo was originally published in Heat Treat Today’s March/April 2024 Aerospace print edition.

Space Today: Making Life on Earth Better, Safer, and More Connected

Noel Brady, Metallurgical Engineer, Paulo
Source: Paulo

According to NASA, 95% of space missions in the next decade will stay in low Earth orbit (LEO) and geostationary orbit (GEO). Th at means the first wave of commercial activity in space will be largely focused on making life on Earth better.

Several worldwide broadband satellites are already in orbit, offering more consistent, reliable internet signals around the globe. Defense campaigns are using advanced satellite machine learning to improve asteroid and missile detection, along with revolutionary laser technology that has made intersatellite communication possible for the first time — and the travel of information faster. And to help make
life in space safe and successful, NASA is developing a scalable network of public GPS receivers for easy, short-range space navigation and tourism.

All this to say, parts are being developed for a wide range of applications, a huge portion of which are being additively manufactured.

Thermal Processing Standards Necessary for AM Adoption

However promising additive manufacturing is for space, the adoption of AM has still been limited due to the lack of standards for proprietary material and 3D printing applications. Many thermal processing experts are joining research institutions and OEMs in the drive to bring AM into mainstream manufacturing with new industry standards and production-ready solutions that help achieve ROI.

The R&D process for discovering these standards can be lengthy and expensive because it requires trial and error. A prototype or small run of parts must be manufactured, then heat treated, and tested for the desired properties. If a test part’s yield strength is not where it should be, for example, then the heat treating recipe is adjusted, perhaps by lowering the temperature and increasing the pressure, and can be tested again on a new batch of parts.

Coach vs. Custom Cycles

In heat treating, there are two different types of cycles, and it’s important to know the difference when you’re working with any commercial heat treater. Coach cycles tend to be more economical because these are shared cycles — existing recipes that are in high demand and run on a regular schedule — with the potential to have multiple clients’ parts in the furnace at once. For example, a heat treater may have a standard titanium coach cycle they run once a day. See Table A for several coach cycles run at Paulo.

Table A. Example of Coach Cycles for Space Alloys

Coach cycles use recipes that were designed for cast parts and have been around since before additive was a viable form of manufacturing. While it’s true that cast parts and AM parts have similarities, such as their high porosity, it doesn’t mean that the recipes are optimal for preparing today’s parts for heavy space applications. That’s where custom cycles come into play.

Custom cycles are ideal for new or proprietary materials that don’t yet have recipes defined or that are not commonly heat treated enough to run on a regular schedule. The distinction between the two is important because not all heat treaters are equipped to run both types. While you may be able to find a coach recipe that gets you close to where you need to be, it certainly may not be optimal, especially for parts that will have a heavy life of service.

Heat treaters with flexibility of custom and coach cycles, along with full-cycle data reporting, offer a high level of control that is vital for helping the industry progress and scale for production. This is also a big reason why some in-house heat treating operations may choose to outsource some of their work: first collaborating with experienced commercial heat treaters to prove the specification for a new part with custom cycles before scaling for production.

Common Cycle Adjustments for AM

There are five primary parameters that can be adjusted in the heat treating of AM parts to achieve the desired results: temperature, pressure, time, cooling rate, and heating rate. For AM parts, adjustments to the temperature and pressure are a go-to for achieving parts with higher yield strength. For example, running a cycle 50°F cooler, but at 5 ksi higher pressure may yield better results.

There may also be certain heating ramp rates and intermediate holds before parts get to the max temperature, to allow for consistent heating and enhance the material properties. The same goes for the cooling process: controlling the rate at which a part cools with specific holding times and intermediate quenches.

Hot Isostatic Pressing, Space, and Additive Manufacturing

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) combines high temperature and pressure to improve a part’s mechanical properties and performance at extreme temperatures. The sealed HIP vessel provides uniform pressure to bring parts to 100% theoretical density with minimal distortion. The high level of control and uniformity has made HIP the gold standard for AM parts for space.

Similar to cast parts, 3D-printed materials tend to have porous microstructures that can compromise part performance. HIP is the only process that’s able to eliminate these pores without compromising the complex geometries and near-net dimensions that are achieved in the printing process.

Benefits of HIP for space parts include the following:

  • Better fatigue resistance
  • Greater resistance to impact, wear, and abrasion
  • Improved ductility

For this process, Paulo’s Cleveland division is equipped with a Quintus QIH-122 HIP vessel, which is specially modified with additional thermocouples for more precise temperature control and greater data collection. A higher level of accuracy allows us to iterate with confidence and find an efficient path to production-ready development.

One primary benefit of the Quintus QIH-122 HIP is the ability to have faster cooling at a controlled rate, which allows you to heat treat and solution treat in one furnace. This cooling rate allows great efficiency that cannot be seen with other HIP vessels on the market.

It is critical that heat treaters adapt to meet the needs of this fast-evolving industry. Many commercial heat treaters do not yet have the level of data or dynamic cycle offerings necessary and will only run HIP coach cycles with set parameters. In other words, many are not equipped to economically iterate and adapt heat treating recipes for new parts. Without custom cycles, controlled cooling, and a higher level of data, it is impossible to push the boundaries of what’s possible.

Space Parts Requiring Thermal Processing

The future of space travel requires parts that can not only perform under high levels of mechanical pressure and extreme temperatures but are also durable enough for long-range and repeat missions. Heat treatment is a critical step in preparing rocket engine components, among others, for commission. Other space components commonly heat treat treated are:

  • Volutes
  • Turbine manifolds
  • Bearing housings
  • Fuel inlets
  • Housings, support housings
  • Bearing supports
  • Turbo components

Since the inception of NASA’s Space Shuttle Program, Paulo has treated integral components for launch and propulsion, along with many parts currently in orbit on the International Space Station.

Materials Used in Space Parts

New materials and applications are being explored every day. Proprietary alloy blends bring unique properties and promising potential in the push for stronger, faster, longer-lasting parts. But with unique properties comes the need for unique heat treating processes. Several high-performance superalloys used for space include:

  • Inconel 718, 625
  • Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V)
  • Hastelloy C22
  • Haynes 214, 282
  • GRCop Copper

Inconel 718, a championed space alloy, was originally used as a premier casting material before being adopted for AM. This nickel-based material features an extremely high tensile and yield strength that makes it ideal for components taking on a high mechanical load in extreme environments ranging from combustive to cryogenic — making this a natural material to adopt for space in the early days of 3D printing.

Because casting and 3D printing both result in similar porous microstructures, the heat treating process used for Inconel castings could also be adapted. Finding new opportunities within existing alloys like this is a highly efficient way to gain material advantage in today’s race to space.

To learn more about adapting alloys and heat treating processes for AM parts, download the full space guide.

About the Author

Noel joined Paulo in 2011 and spent several years as quality manager before stepping into his current role as a metallurgical engineer. Noel holds a bachelor’s degree in engineering and metallurgy materials science, and he is responsible for thermal process development and hot isostatic pressing process development.

For more information: Contact Noel Brady at nbrady@paulo.com or visit this link to download the full space guide from Paulo.

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Thermal Processing for Space and Additive Manufacturing Read More »

Heat Treat Future with AM and 3D Printing

/ FEATURED NEWS, SINTERING POWDER/METAL TECHNICAL CONTENT, VACUUM FURNACES TECHNICAL CONTENT
OC

All the buzz in our industry seems to indicate that additive manufacturing (AM) and 3D printing are the next hot topics in heat treat, particularly in vacuum heat treat. Heat Treat Today decided to find out how these new technologies are shaping the industry. Read what five heat treat industry leaders had to say about how their companies are preparing for the next generation of AM and 3D printing.

This Technical Tuesday article bringing together the responses from these five companies was first published in Heat Treat Today‘s November 2022 Vacuum print edition.

What changes have you made to accommodate the AM/3D printing marketplace?

Dennis Beauchesne
General Manager
ECM USA, Inc.

The most important changes relate to the build plate size and how it connects to our standard size systems. Build plates are ever-changing, it seems, as customers have new applications and mostly larger build plates are being requested. In addition, the process parameters – such as temperature and time at temperature and quantity of material – are important. These two items have the most to do with reconfiguring equipment for the AM market. We have also been able to implement our wide range of automation and robotics skills into this equipment as the market scales up for high production.

How will your products and/or services change to accommodate this marketplace?

We are/will be introducing equipment that is in line with standard-build plate dimensions along with reducing operating costs.

Share how 3D printing or AM products/services help heat treaters.

Contact us with your Reader Feedback!

Recent debind and sinter applications have involved, as previously mentioned, complete robotics to handle parts after printing, to debind, to sinter, and then to process specialized by ECM, such as low-pressure carburizing. ECM has also provided equipment to provide all three processes in the same furnace without moving the load or requiring the furnace to cool and reheat. This reduces work processing time along with less handling and less utility cost.

What changes have you made to accommodate the AM/3D printing marketplace?

Mark Hemsath
Vice President
of Sales, Americas
Nitrex Heat
Treating Services

Nitrex Vacuum Furnaces, through its GM Enterprises acquisition, has moved heavily into additive manufacturing via large production MIM furnaces, which are able to both remove large amounts of powder binders and sinter the parts in the same process. We are in the process of installing and/or starting up five furnaces for these markets, and we have recently employed even more advanced concepts on high volume wax removal. A further trend is on higher value materials, like nickel and cobalt alloys and titanium, necessitating diffusion vacuum levels for processing. Nitrex Vacuum has had this experience already for many years, so moving to smaller scale 3D designs comes with years of experience.

How might your products and/or services change to accommodate this marketplace?

Smaller units are a trend to keep an eye on. We have over a decade of learning from the large units we offer, and this will allow us to compete in these lower volume markets (i.e., 3D) via our proven expertise. Several facts/ideas that we are keeping top of mind are:

  • Large potential in the future (whole new market starting to evolve)
  • Redesign the product to meet the new needs
  • Good for rapid prototyping and quick low volume parts

Furnaces need to be available with fast delivery 3D printing is finding a tremendous niche in fast part production, sourced internally or sourced quickly. These parts may cost more per piece, but having them fast is often more important, and 3D offers this ability to cut weeks or months off of supply chain sourcing.

Share how 3D printing or AM products/services help heat treaters.

The AM sector is still in growth mode. How we help is to give a full-service solution to those customers who want to really increase their volume yet use vacuum in the process. Vacuum helps to transport the binder vapors away from the parts and into the traps for removal. Full binder removal adds to the quality of the parts, as does vacuum sintering of the final parts. We have supplied a few systems over the years with higher, diffusion vacuum levels. As powder materials evolve to higher value materials, there is more interest in diffusion vacuum, and we recently supplied such a system.

What do readers need to know about AM/3D to make decisions today?

Vacuum is the proper way to debind and sinter. Additionally, 3D printing started slow and there were many technologies evolving. Now, it has started to really grow, and the need for smaller furnaces that can offer the same quality as MIM parts produced in high volumes will be a need for 3D part makers, in medium to low volume parts. This may involve furnaces for sinter only, debind and sinter, or even sinter and heat treat. We can see the need to both sinter 3D parts in a small furnace and also heat treat them with special added processes and surface treatments.

What changes have you made to accommodate the AM/3D printing marketplace?

Phil Harris
Marketing Manager
Paulo

Adding a hot isostatic press has been the most notable change Paulo has made to serve the growing AM market. It goes a step further than that though; heat treatment of AM parts has rapidly evolved, and the desire for custom cycles and more data has caused us to make instrumentation changes and do more R&D type work. Understanding the full production path of the parts and doing our part to reduce the time parts are spending in post-processing steps, including offering stress relief, HIP, EDM, and vacuum heat treatment in a one-stop-shop.

How might your products and/or services change to accommodate this marketplace?

As trials continue and boundaries are pushed for both additive and the accompanying thermal processing, we’re constantly keeping an eye on what’s next. Investing in equipment that’s capable while maintaining and instrumenting it to provide the data and reliability the market needs is the name of the game. Of course, open communication with additive manufacturers and printer designers makes this far easier. We value communication with printer manufacturers as it helps us understand demand for our services in terms of build plate size, since, as we all know, furnaces and HIP vessels aren’t one size fits all!

Share how 3D printing or AM products/services help heat treaters.

Additive parts have become commonplace and we’re now regularly providing HIP, stress relief, and solution treating for them. A more interesting example is for parts printed in Inconel 718; we’ve developed a combined HIP and heat treat (or High Pressure Heat Treat) cycle which was able meet material properties specifications when the traditional processing techniques were not. This is where we feel the real cutting edge is when it comes to heat treatment of additive parts; the slow cooling HIP cycles developed for casting decades ago aren’t always optimal for today’s additive parts.

What changes have you made to accommodate the AM/3D printing marketplace?

Trevor Jones
President
Solar Manufacturing, Inc.
Source: Solar Manufacturing, Inc.

There are several methods for 3D printing and we as heat treaters and vacuum furnace manufacturers generally classify those methods into two basic groups: those that use liquid binding polymers and those that do not.

For the group who does not use liquid binding polymers, there are no changes thus far to the design of the vacuum furnace that must be made. One significant caution is insuring there is no loose powder on the surface or cavities of the parts. Residual powder on or in the parts could have adverse effects on the parts themselves and to the vacuum furnace. The loose powder can liberate from the part during the heat treat or quench steps during the process and contaminate the vacuum furnace. The powder in the furnace is then considered FOD (foreign object debris) for subsequent heat treatments processed in that furnace. The powder could also accumulate over time and cause an electrical ground the heating elements or the quench motor, clog the heat exchanger, contaminate vacuum gauges and hot zone insulation, among other issues.

For the group that does contain liquid binding polymers, in addition to the comments about avoiding loose powder on or in the parts, care must also be taken to accommodate for the vaporization of the binder that occurs during heating of the parts. The binder, in its vapor form, will condense at cooler areas in the vacuum furnace. The condensed areas are potential contamination points and could have all the same issues and concerns of loose powder as described above. The binder collection locations, whether at intentional or non-intentional places, will also have to be routinely cleaned to maintain ideal binder collection, optimum vacuum pumping, and overall furnace performance.

How might your products and/or services change to accommodate this marketplace?

With the growth of 3D printing using liquid binder polymers, Solar Manufacturing has taken what was learned from the furnace modified at Solar Atmospheres of Western PA for MIM and AM processing and applied it to a new furnace product line specific for the debind and sinter applications. Solar Manufacturing collaborated with our affiliate company, Solar Atmospheres of Western PA, in modifying an existing vacuum furnace to accommodate the debind and sintering processes. A modified hot zone was installed, and a dedicated binder pumping port was added that helps minimize and target the condensation of detrimental binders evaporating out of parts containing binders. The modified Solar Atmospheres furnace is extremely valuable in gaining knowledge about various aspects of the process and learning what works, and what does not work, in furnace and recipe design. Combining the knowledge and experience of process development of Solar Atmospheres with the advanced Engineering Design Team at Solar Manufacturing, we believe we have a furnace design that modernizes and simplifies the debinding process while minimizing traditional maintenance issues.

Share how 3D printing or AM products/services help heat treaters.

We developed a process of debinding and sintering stainless steel parts with our affiliate company Solar Atmospheres in Souderton PA. The project started out with our Research and Development group to develop the process for the client’s parts. As the trials scaled up, test coupons became test parts, eventually full-size loads. There are always challenges to scaling up from test parts to production loads and we were able to provide the support the customer needed through that transition. The R&D eff orts were successful, and the client ended up purchasing multiple furnaces, which was the end goal for both parties.

Additionally, Solar Atmospheres is currently vacuum stress relieving a 3D component for a major U.S.-based aerospace company that is in use in aircraft today. Also, numerous large-scale components destined for deep space.

What do readers need to know about AM/3D to make decisions today?

Bob Hill, president of Solar Atmospheres of Western PA, reminded us to “realize and acknowledge that AM is still in its infancy stage. Therefore, many metallurgical uncertainties still exist for the multiple printing processes that exist. Understanding this new kind of metallurgy for each printing process, while developing standards and specifications unique to additive manufacturing, is still a huge obstacle. Until this is accomplished, AM will not be the ‘disruptive’ technology that all the experts predict it will be.” If your business is printing parts with liquid polymer binders, you should seriously consider how you plan on debinding and sintering the parts ahead of time. Printed parts in the “Green” or even “Brown” state are fragile and if you are going to ship the parts somewhere else for the debind and sinter steps, extreme care must be taken to prevent the parts from fracturing during transit. Although the shipping can be safely and successfully accomplished, ideally a furnace is available at the print shop to immediately perform the debind and sinter process to avoid those potential shipping difficulties. The other forms of 3D printing that do not contain liquid polymers generally do have this issue.

What changes have you made to accommodate the AM/3D printing marketplace?

Ben Gasbarre
Executive Vice President
Sales & Marketing
Gasbarre Thermal Processing Systems

From our inception, Gasbarre has had expertise in the powder metallurgy industry, which requires debind and sinter applications similar to that in the AM and 3D printing markets. Our ability to supply equipment for both powder and parts producers has set us up for quick adoption into this market. While considerations need to be made specific to AM, our focus has been on technical support and helping the market grow to higher volume applications.

How might your products and/or services change to accommodate this marketplace?

As adoption of these technologies grow, the volume at which parts need to be produced will grow. Our line of continuous processing equipment in both vacuum and atmosphere applications are well suited. Whether it be debind and sinter, annealing, or stress relieving, we have equipment and expertise that can grow from early production to high volumes.

Share how 3D printing or AM products/services help heat treaters.

Overall, Gasbarre is here to be a resource and support the growth of the additive market. Whether that be through new equipment, servicing existing equipment, or involvement in the industry organizations, we have the expertise to drive success today and into the future!

What do readers need to know about AM/3D to make decisions today?

Additive manufacturing is such a dynamic technology, it is difficult to state one specific item. There is the potential for significant growth opportunities for new applications, but also the potential replacement of traditional manufacturing methods. We also know there is substantial backing for the technology by both private industry and government entities. Like other emerging technologies in the automotive and energies sectors, additive manufacturing isn’t a matter of if, but when it’ll achieve wide scale adoption and high-volume applications.

It is amazing how the list of materials being utilized with this technology is growing. While metals and alloys have not been the majority of the market, it is rapidly growing. With that growth, there is a wide variety of applications and thermal processing requirements for those materials. As well, the different additive and 3D printing processing methods (i.e., binder jetting, powder bed fusion, etc.) leads to a similar diversity in thermal processing requirements.

For more information, contact the leaders:

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Heat Treat Future with AM and 3D Printing Read More »

Hot Take on HIPing

/ FEATURED NEWS, HIPING TECHNICAL CONTENT, MEDICAL HEAT TREAT, MEDICAL HEAT TREAT TECHNICAL

OCHot isostatic pressing. . . What is it? How is HIPing benefiting the medical industry? What is its place in additive manufacturing? In today's Technical Tuesday, Heat Treat Today is doing a deep dive into HIPing and its benefits. Check out these resources for some hot takes on HIPing.

Can You HIP It? Investigating Hot Isostatic Pressing

What exactly is HIPing? It's taking over the additive manufacturing world. In this article, written in 2020 by Derek Denlinger, corporate lead metallurgist at Paulo, find out the answer and also discover the applications, materials, and advantages of HIPing.
"HIP was initially developed as a diffusion bonding technique. In diffusion bonding, high heat and pressure work together to weld similar or dissimilar metal surfaces without filler materials."

Free ebook — High Pressure Heat Treatment: HIP

Product efficiency, reduced environmental impact, and improved process reliability are becoming more and more important everyday. HIPing's future has never been brighter. It's about to see a renaissance. To explore HIPing in depth, read this free ebook from Heat Treat Today and Quintus Technologies. 

"Modern HIP machinery is an extremely good fit with the traditional heat treatment market, offering the opportunity to further adjust material properties through tailored HIP cycles."

Hot Isostatic Pressing for Orthopaedic Implants

Check out what Chad Beamer and Magnus Ahlfors at Quintus Technologies had to say about HIPing. Shrinkage, gas porosity, and lack of fusion between layers are all things that do not belong in medical implants. Implants manufactured with metal injection molding and casting often still contain defects, but HIPing eliminates those defects and produces a 100% dense material. HIPing is widely used across the medical industry to reduce the occurrence of these issues.

"The elimination of defects results in improved fatigue properties, ductility, and fracture toughness. For this reason, HIP is widely used for orthopaedic implants like hip, knee, spine, ankle, wrist as well as dental implants to ensure quality and performance and prevent early failure of the implant inside the patient."

Heat Treat Radio: Hot Isostatic Pressing – Join the Revolution

High temperatures, high pressures. That's HIPing. Cliff Orcutt of American Isostatic Presses, Inc. describes HIPing as "pressurize sintering." Because of the high pressure, HIPing is faster and leads to less part deformation. In this episode of Heat Treat Radio, learn the many applications of HIPing (including ceramics) and learn if outsourcing is right for you. 

"In HIP, since you’re starting with powders that are solid, you can blend things like graphite powder and steel. You couldn’t blend them very well in a molten state, but in here, you can. And, you can squeeze it to solid, you can get interlocking and bonding and diffusion bonding materials that you couldn’t otherwise.  So, you can make things you couldn’t make any other way."

Search for heat treat solution providers and suppliers on Heat Treat Buyers Guide.com

 

 

Hot Take on HIPing Read More »

This Week in Heat Treat Social Media

/ FEATURED NEWS, MANUFACTURING HEAT TREAT

Welcome to Heat Treat Today’s This Week in Heat Treat Social Media. As you know, there is so much content available on the web that it’s next to impossible to sift through all of the articles and posts that flood our inboxes and notifications on a daily basis. So, Heat Treat Today is here to bring you the latest in compelling, inspiring, and entertaining heat treat news from the different social media venues that you’ve just got to see and read!

We’re looking at the holiday posts, origami metal, and dad jokes about aluminum this week. Check it out!

If you have content that everyone has to see, please send the link to editor@heattreattoday.com.

1.  Metal. Origami. Electric. Scooter.

“This technique uses lasers to apply highly localized heat treatment to temper-rolled stainless steel. It focuses on softening areas where material will need to bend. Robots then form the temper-rolled sheets into complex 3D shapes. The final forming hardens the structure in order to regain the original flat sheet’s strength.” (Thomas.net)

Click the image to watch or read about the heat treatment

2. Fascinating Heat Treat Comments and Discussions

I didn’t know social media could foster such in-depth content and comments! Have you seen these posts/shares from across social media?

3Din30: The Scary Truth About Heat Treatment Innovation

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Hyundai Heat Treat Case Study

.

Nitriding Layers, from Pro Microstructure Photographer

 

3. And What Did You Do for New Year’s?

We saw a lot of you hard-working heat treaters posting on LinkedIn and Twitter during the break. Tsk tsk. Take the break! But we get it: we’re excited for 2022 with you, too!

 

4. What to Read

Want to have a heavier read for the weekend? Well okay. . .

An Overview of Heat Treatment in the Refining, Power, and Petrochemical Industry – Part 2: The Importance of Heat Treatment to Mechanical Integrity.

.

Heat Treat Radio Special Videos

Did you watch the videos or just listen to these two podcasts? There is something different about when you watch something versus just listening. Sometimes, one is better than the other! Other times, you’re scratching your head waiting for the transcript to load. . .

Take a look at these two widely shared podcasts from 2021.

 

Heat Treat Tomorrow – Hydrogen Combustion: Our Future or Hot Air?: Click to –> Watch | Listen | Learn

The Future of Heat Treat, a Conversation with Piotr Zawistowski: Click to –> Watch | Listen | Learn

.

“Industry 4.0 Implementation for Small and Medium-Sized Shops”

5. “Aluminum is a loud metal!”

Have a great weekend!

This Week in Heat Treat Social Media Read More »

2021 Heat Treat Today’s 40 Under 40 Honorable Mentions

/ UNCATEGORIZED

The privilege of unveiling the Heat Treat Today 40 Under 40 Class of 2021 comes with the reality that not every one of the nominees could be included in the final count; even though each young, up-and-coming, talented heat treating professional whose name was submitted is making a significant difference in their field.

The individuals pictured are those we acknowledge in 2021 for their contribution to their company, their dedication of service to their customers, and their commitment to pursue skills and knowledge to further contribute to their field.

 

The 2021 Honorable Mentions

 

Heat Treat Today will be back next year looking for rising leaders in the 40 Under 40 Class of 2022. We encourage you to consider the talented young professionals in the heat treating sphere, especially in the captive heat treatment industry, who deserve this recognition for their leadership. You can begin the process right now: Click here to nominate a young professional for Summer 2022.

 

2021 Heat Treat Today’s 40 Under 40 Honorable Mentions Read More »

Paulo

/ MTI MEMBER PROFILES

"We want to make sure our customers succeed, and we do that by bringing our unique approach to every job." These are words that describe the mission of Paulo, a company whose areas of expertise reside in heat treating, brazing and metal finishing.

A family business founded in 1943 by Ben and Pauline Rassieur in St. Louis, Missouri, Paulo now employs 400 people and provides almost every form of heat treatment as well as zinc plating and phosphating, black oxide, brazing, and hot isostatic pressing (HIP)—their most recent addition.

(left to right) Scott Russ, William Rassieur, and Scott Herzing

The company’s large metallurgical engineering staff performs testing, process development and improvement, and compiles metallurgical reports. Through the strategic location of their six facilities and the varied processes offered, they are equipped to partner with organizations up and down the supply chain to handle everything from overnight tool and die work to millions of pounds of production work for a variety of industries all with the support of their control systems and built-in contingency planning.

A few of the services they offer are through hardening, carburizing, nitriding/FNC, solution treating/aging, austempering, and HIPing. A few of the equipment capabilities include integral quench, mesh belt, vacuum, tip-ups, and HIP.

An important heat treating capability that helps them to succeed in the company’s mission is the ability to collect data and control furnace conditions in order to deliver consistent repeatable results. Additionally, as the largest privately held heat treater in North America, they can invest to support customer’s growth as they did recently in Monterrey, Mexico, announcing a large expansion that will double the square footage.

Derek Denlinger
Paulo

Paulo has heat treated interesting and memorable parts, from those used in space and on airplanes to those that supported PPE during the pandemic. Two that had big impacts on the company’s trajectory was the brazing of 106mm artillery shells and fuel pump housings.

"Datagineering" is a word the company created to explain the blending of the best in automation, data, and human expertise. As they look to the future, their continued implementation of the company-coined verb will aid in supporting customers, continuing overall improvement, and developing technically to push boundaries and deliver the best results.

Paulo Read More »

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